基于农户生计的乡村能源消费模式研究——以陕南金丝峡乡村旅游地为例

为探讨乡村旅游发展对农户生计转型及能源消费模式产生的影响,论文借鉴可持续生计理论,以陕南金丝峡乡村旅游地为例,通过入户调查与访谈,构建能源消费-生计多样性模型对农户分类,基于用能多样性矩阵与效益评估法,分析不同生计类型农户用能结构及其综合效益,继而依据灰色关联分析,识别影响农户能源消费的主要生计资本因子,并总结农户能源消费模式转变的驱动机制.结果表明:① 参与旅游经营与不参与旅游经营的两大类农户中,农户用能多样性水平随生计多样性水平的提高而上升;② 与非旅游经营户相比,旅游经营户商品能源消费大幅增加,新型能源迅速推广,传统能源消费有所降低,能源消费模式向优质化和商品化发展;③ 不同类型农户用能综合效益差异明显,旅游经营户用能综合效益(16.96 元/kgce)明显大于非旅游经营户(13.53 元/kgce),表明旅游经营户从能源消费中获益更多;④ 促使农户能源消费模式变化的主要影响因素是物质、人力和金融三大生计资本.乡村旅游业发展带来了农户生计资本与策略的变化,并成为农户能源消费模式转变的重要驱动力,最后为进一步改善环境政策和优化能源利用,提出了相应的对策和建议.

Research on Rural Energy Consumption Pattern Based on Farmers' Livelihood: A Case Study in Jinsixia Rural Tourist Destination

According to the sustainable livelihood theory, a research idea of “rural tourism development-farmers' livelihood changes-optimization of rural energy consumption in mountainous rural tourism destination” is established in this paper. Taking Jinsixia rural tourist destination as an example, the transformation of the livelihood, energy consumption patterns and comprehensive benefits of energy consumption are analyzed. Firstly, through household surveys and interviews, the local farmer households were divided into five types by the energy consumption-livelihood diversity model. Secondly, based on the energy consumption diversity model and benefits evaluation method, the energy consumption structures and comprehensive benefits of farmers who have different types of livelihood strategies are interpreted. Thirdly, with the method of grey correlation analysis, the study identifies the main livelihood capital factors that affect the farmers' energy consumption, and summarizes the driving mechanism of the transformation of farmers' energy consumption patterns. The results are as following: 1) Farmers' livelihood diversity level has an impact on the energy consumption diversity level, the latter will raise as the former goes up inside the non-tourism enterprises and tourism enterprises. 2) Compared with the farmers who are not engaged in tourism, the commercial energy consumption of farmers who are engaged in tourism increases significantly, which reflects the fact that the tourism causes the increase of new energy, the decrease of traditional energy consumption, and speeds the optimization and commercialization of farmers' energy consumption patterns. 3) There is a sharp distinction in energy consumption comprehensive benefits among different types of farmers, that the energy consumption comprehensive benefits of farmers who are engaged in tourism (16.96 yuan/kgce) are significantly greater than the farmers who are not engaged in tourism (13.53 yuan/kgce), which indicates that the former benefits more from the energy consumption. 4) Physical capital, human capital and financial capital are the main factors that affect the farmers' energy consumption pattern. Farmers' livelihood change which is brought by the tourism development is the important driver leading to the energy consumption transformation in rural tourism destination. To further improve the environmental policy and optimize the energy utilization, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.