Assessment of the consequences of the radioactive contamination of aquatic media and biota for the Chernobyl NPP cooling pond: model testing using Chernobyl data |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Experimental Meteorology, SPA ‘Typhoon’, 82 Lenin Av., Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020 Russia;2. SENES Oak Ridge, Inc., 102 Donner Drive, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA;3. Institute of Atomic Physics, Bucharest, Romania;4. Kema Laboratories, Arnhem, Netherlands;5. Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;6. Institute of Nuclear Power Plants, Russia;7. QuantiSci, UK;1. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France;2. UBL, Université Catholique de l’Ouest, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules et Santé (MMS, EA2160), 3 Place André Leroy, F-49000 Angers Cedex 01, France;1. Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;2. Reykjavík Energy, Baejarháls 1, 110 Reykjavík, Iceland;1. Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia;2. Mayak PA, Ozersk, Russia;3. Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia;4. Ozersk Institute of Technology NRNU MEPhI, Ozersk, Russia;5. Russian Institute of Agricultural Radiobiology and Agricultural Ecology, Obninsk, Russia;6. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UrB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3109, USA;2. Marine Envrionmental Laboratory, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China;3. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China |
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| Abstract: | The ‘Cooling Pond’ scenario was designed to test models for radioactive contamination of aquatic ecosystems, based on data from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant cooling pond, which was heavily contaminated in 1986 as a result of the reactor accident. The calculation tasks include (a) reconstruction of the dynamics of radionuclide transfer and bioaccumulation in aquatic media and biota following the accident; (b) assessment of doses to aquatic biota; and (c) assessment of potential doses and radiation risks to humans from consumption of contaminated fish. Calculations for the Scenario were performed by 19 participants using 6 different models: LAKECO-B (Netherlands); LAKEPOND (Romania); POSOD (USA); WATER, GIDRO and ECOMOD-W (Russia). For all endpoints, model predictions were compared with the test data, which were derived from the results of direct measurements and independent dose estimates based on measurements. Most of the models gave satisfactory agreement for some portions of the test data, although very few participants obtained good agreement with all criteria for model testing. The greatest level of difficulty was with the prediction of non-equilibrium radioecological processes in the first year after the accident (1986). The calculations 5 for this scenario gave modellers a unique opportunity to test their models using an independent data base and to analyse the advantages and weaknesses of different model approaches. The use of post-Chernobyl data in such a scenario is also recommended for use in training students in the field of radioecology and environmental protection. |
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