不同湖泊入湖河流沉积物可转化态氮的空间分布及其影响因素

研究河流沉积物氮形态的分布可以了解流域的水环境现状.本研究通过分级浸取方法得到沉积物的离子交换态氮(IEF-N)、弱酸浸取态氮(WAEF-N)、强碱浸取态氮(SAEF-N)以及强氧化剂浸取态氮(SOEF-N),对比研究了太湖西部入湖河流(东苕溪、西苕溪)和洪泽湖西部入湖河流(安河、濉河)沉积物中氮形态的空间分布特征,分析了可转换态氮的主要影响因素.结果表明,不同流域之间沉积物的基本理化性质存在明显的差异,导致沉积物总氮以及可转化态氮的含量及空间分布也不相同.总体而言,太湖西部河流沉积物中总氮和总可转化态氮的含量略高于洪泽湖西部河流,但前者的空间变化小于后者.太湖西部河流沉积物与洪泽湖西部河流沉积物的可转化态氮含量大小排列顺序也有所不同,前者为SOEF-NSAEF-NWAEF-NIEF-N,后者为SOEF-NSAEF-NIEF-NWAEF-N,且后者各形态氮的含量变化更为明显,这主要与沉积物的组成和氮来源有关.研究区沉积物中可转化态氮的分布受其理化性质的影响明显,尤以有机质和粒度的影响最明显.

Spatial Distributions of Transferable Nitrogen Forms and Influencing Factors in Sediments from Inflow Rivers in Different Lake Basins

It is necessary to investigate the distribution of nitrogen forms in river sediments to recognize the water environment quality. In this study, ion exchangeable form nitrogen(IEF-N), weak acid extractable form nitrogen (WAEF-N), strong alkali extractable form nitrogen (SAEF-N) and strong oxidation extractable form nitrogen (SOEF-N) in sediments were obtained by means of sequential extraction procedures.We analyzed the spatial variations of nitrogen forms in sediments from Taihu watershed (Dongtiaoxi River and Xitiaoxi River) and Hongzehu watershed (Anhe River and Suihe River), and expounded the influence factors of nitrogen form distribution. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of sediments from different watersheds varied in space. The concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen fractions also showed obvious changes in river sediments. As a whole, the concentrations of total nitrogen and transferable nitrogen in Taihu rivers were higher than those in Hongzehu rivers, but the former showed smaller spatial changes. Sediments from Taihu rivers showed the different concentration order of total nitrogen and transferable nitrogen comparing with those from Hongzehu rivers. The former followed the order of SOEF-N > SAEF-N > IEF-N > WAEF-N, and the latter followed the order of SOEF-N > SAEF-N > WAEF-N > IEF-N.The spatial varitions of transferable nitrogen fractions in Hongzehu rivers were prominent, which was associated with nitrogen sources. The spatial distributions of transferable nitrogen in sediments were obviously affected by their physicochemical properties, especially for organic matter and grain size.