电气火灾残留物的SEM分析方法研究

通过分析电气火灾的形成原因,总结出该类型火灾的残留物种类。然后利用电焊机和电阻炉等设备分别制备出铜铝导线的一、二次短路熔痕和火烧熔痕,电热丝的通电过热和火烧熔痕,并运用了目前一种新式有效的显微结构分析工具——扫描电子显微镜,对以上样品的表面进行微观形貌的观察、比较与分析。通过分析讨论,可以发现电气火灾残留物在火灾前后其表面的微观形貌特征存在明显不同。根据这些特征能够很轻易的鉴别出电气设备在火灾发生前的使用状态,从而推断出火灾是否由该电气设备引发而起。此项结论能够为从事火灾调查的人员对电气火灾原因的准确认定提供可靠依据,也能够为扫描电子显微镜技术的应用领域进行拓宽提供一些帮助。

Analysis method of SEM on residues of electrical fire

By analyzing the causes of electrical fire,the categories of fire residues were concluded.The primary,secondary short circuited melted mark and melted mark caused by fire of copper-aluminium conductor,and the energization overheating and melted mark caused by fire of heating wire were prepared separately by electric welder and electric resistance furnace.Then the microstructure features of the surfaces on the above samples were observed,compared and analyzed by a new-style and effective tool for microscopic structure analysis-scanning electron microscope（SEM）.By analysis and discussion,it could be found that the microstructure features of the surfaces on the residues of electrical fire were obviously different before and after the fire.Based on these characteristics,the usage conditions of electrical equipment before the fire could be easily identified,so as to judge if the fire was caused by this electrical equipment.It can provide reliable basis for fire investigator to accurately determine the reason of electrical fire,and provide some help for expanding the application range of SEM technology.