PFOS/PFOA环境污染行为与毒性效应及机理研究进展

全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）是一类新型的持久性有机污染物（POPs）,近年来发现在环境系统中日益广泛分布,并在生物体内蓄积或发生致毒效应.本文首先从PFOS/PFOA在环境中的污染及其水平、在野生动物体内的暴露、对人体的暴露以及污染与暴露变化趋势等4个方面,分析了PFOS/PFOA最新的环境污染与生物暴露情况;从PFOS/PFOA在大气环境中的转运转化过程、在污水污泥中转运转化过程以及在生物体内的蓄积、代谢转化与降解过程等3个方面,阐述了PFOS/PFOA在环境中的迁移转化行为;还概述了最近几年在PFOS/PFOA所导致的生态效应及其可能的机理研究进展.最后,尝试性地提出了今后在PFOS/PFOA污染生态学方面的研究重点.

Researching Progresses in Environmental Pollution Behavior, Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of PFOS/PFOA

It has been validated that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) can be considered as emerging persistent organic pollutants. In recent years, there are increasing distribution of PFOS/PFOA in environmental systems, and accumulation and toxic effects of PFOS/PFOA in living organisms. Thus, environmental pollution and biological exposure of PFOS/PFOA were firstly analyzed on the basis of their pollution levels, exposure to wild animals, exposure to human bodies, and changing trends in pollution and exposure. Secondly, movement and transformation behaviors of PFOS/PFOA in environment were expounded on the basis of their transport and transformation processes in air environment, wastewater and sewage sludge, and their accumulation, metabology and degradation processes in living organisms. Some recent important advances in ecological effects of PFOS/PFOA and their possible mechanisms were summarized. Finally, the future emphases of research on pollution ecology of PFOS/PFOA were tentatively suggested.