民用燃料燃烧排放PM2.5和PM10中碳组分排放因子对比

在实验室中模拟民用燃料在家庭炉灶中的燃烧,应用稀释通道系统采集颗粒物,获得玉米秸秆、薪柴、蜂窝煤和块煤四种常用民用燃料燃烧排放PM10,PM2.5及载带碳组分的排放因子.结果表明,民用燃料燃烧排放的颗粒物以细颗粒为主, PM2.5占PM10的70%~90%.颗粒物排放因子最大的为块煤,其PM2.5和PM10的排放因子分别为9.837和11.929g/kg,分别是蜂窝煤的12.6和13.7倍;玉米秸秆和薪柴PM2.5和PM10的排放因子稍低于块煤,为7.359~10.444g/kg.4种燃料燃烧OC排放因子块煤最高,其在PM2.5和PM10中分别为5.29和5.19g/kg.薪柴燃烧EC的排放因子最高,其在PM2.5和PM10 中的排放因子分别为1.065和1.126g/kg.块煤两种粒径上EC的排放因子略低于薪柴.蜂窝煤EC的排放因子最低,比薪柴低300倍左右,玉米秸秆EC的排放因子也要比薪柴低10倍左右.碳组分是块煤,秸秆,薪柴排放颗粒物的主要成分,其含量在40%~60%之间,该值比蜂窝煤高3倍.四种燃料对应的OC/EC比值差异很大,薪柴和块煤燃烧排放颗粒该值为3~6,秸秆和蜂窝煤燃烧排放颗粒其值高达30~50.

Comparative analysis on emission factors of carbonaceous components in PM25 and PM10 from domestic fuels combustion

PM10 and PM2.5 emitted from crop waste (JG), wood (XC), honeycomb coal (FW) and raw coal (KM) burning were collected through a dilution sampling system. Carbonaceous components in what are they were analyzed. Results showed that the emission factors (EFs) of particles and carbon components were influenced by fuel types. Fine particles were the most common particles, with PM2.5/PM10 ratios varying between 0.7~0.9. KM held the highest EFs of particles. They were 9.837g/kg and 11.929g/kg for PM2.5 and PM10 which were 12.6 and 13.7 times higher than FW, respectively. The EFs of particles for JG and XC were in the range of 7.359g/kg~10.444g/kg, slightly lower than those of KM. The EFs of OC were highest for KM (5.29 and 5.19g/kg for PM2.5 and PM10). The highest EFs of EC were in XC (1.065 and 1.126g/kg of PM2.5 and PM10) which were 300 and 10 times of those in FW and JG. The carbonaceous components accounted for 40%~60% of particles emitted from KM, XC and JG burning which were three times higher than FW. The OC/EC ratios for XC and KM varied from 3 to 6 and the ratios were up to 30~50 for JG and FW.