Traffic noise and executive functioning in urban primary school children: The moderating role of gender |
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Authors: | Goran Belojevic Gary W Evans Katarina Paunovic Branko Jakovljevic |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica Street No. 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;2. Department of Design and Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, USA;3. Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, USA |
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Abstract: | The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between noise and school children's executive functioning (EF). The study included 311 children (146 boys and 165 girls) aged 7–11 years, who lived in the center of Belgrade. Teachers rated children's EF on a standard scale evaluating their ability to work independently in a focused manner to achieve an end goal as well as children's ability to follow directions carefully. Residential noise exposure was estimated in three daytime intervals, one evening interval and two nighttime intervals in the middle of the streets where children lived. School noise exposure was measured on three different school days in front of children's schools. Socioeconomic status (mother's highest level of education and family income) was used as a statistical control. There were no significant main effects of ambient noise levels on EF, however, a significant interaction indicated adverse noise impacts on boy's EF. We discuss possible reasons for male EF vulnerability to noise. |
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Keywords: | Noise Executive functioning Attention Child Primary schools Gender |
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