Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnodinium catenatum</Emphasis> on uptake and fate of paralytic shellfish poisons in the Pacific giant lions-paw scallop <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nodipecten subnodosus</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Norma A Estrada Nestor Lagos Carlos García Alfonso N Maeda-Martínez Felipe Ascencio |
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Institution: | (1) Departamento de Patología Marina, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico;(2) Laboratorio Bioquímica de Membrana, Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 70005, Correo 7, Santiago, Chile |
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Abstract: | Juvenile Pacific giant lions-paw scallops Nodipecten subnodosus were fed the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum, a producer of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), supplied with Isochrysis galbana (a nontoxic microalgae). Short-term (<24 h) experiments were performed to determine clearance and ingestion rates of G. catenatum. Kinetics of PSP was examined in longer-term experiments (>2 days). At high food concentrations, juvenile scallops showed
production of pseudofeces, partial shell valve closure, and reduction in feeding. According to HPLC analysis, the only toxins
present in the dinoflagellate G. catenatum and in the scallops were the gonyautoxins (GTXs), except in the labial palps and digestive gland, where trace amounts of
saxitoxin (STX) were present in scallops. These tissues could play an important role in toxin biotransformation. The ranking
of toxin concentration in tissues was: digestive gland > labial palps > intestine > gills > mantle > adductor muscle, where
the total contribution of viscera was more than 80% of the total toxin body burden. Juvenile scallops exhibited no apparent
detrimental physiological responses during the long-term feeding experiment. The dinoflagellate may contribute nutrients to
the scallop, in addition to the microalgae I. galbana. The dinoflagellate may enhance cell uptake and byssus production. Once PSP accumulated during the first 12 days, it was
slowly eliminated. The limited capacity for accumulating toxins in the adductor muscle favors domestic marketing of scallops. |
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