广州市区大气污染特征与影响因子分析

以2000—2004年广州市国控测点的空气环境质量自动监测结果为基础数据,以我国《大气环境质量标准》的日平均质量浓度二级标准为依据计算广州市2000—2004年的各大气污染物的指数及污染负荷率,阐明广州市区主要大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10、CO的地域分布特征、季节变化特征、年际变化特征以及由于大气中的酸性物质而形成的酸雨的变化特征并提出研究对策。结果表明:各污染物质量浓度存在明显的季节变化规律,除SO2春夏秋季污染最严重,其余几项污染程度由高到低的顺序均为冬季,春季,秋季,夏季。近5年来空气中的一氧化碳呈显著下降趋势,但二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物则呈显著上升趋势,综合污染指数也呈明显上升趋势;酸雨频率呈不显著上升且夏秋季污染大于春冬两季。广州市大气污染分布规律与风向频率以北和东北偏北方向较大,东和东南方向次之的分布基本一致。

Study on air pollution feature and its effect in Guangzhou city

Based on the monitoring of the results of atmospheric pollutants from 2000 to 2004 and the climatic data from similar years in Guangzhou city, the distribution regularity of the air pollution in this city is researched. The results are described as follows: 1) There was clear-cut seasonal changes of the atmospheric pollution in Guangzhou, the highest concentration of contaminants was monitored in winter and the lowest one in summer. 2) During the past 5 years , the pollutant load rates of NO2, SO2 and PM10 were on the rise while that of the CO was on the decline each year ,which showed that optical chemical pollution had been strengthening year after year since 2000 in Guangzhou. 3)The pollutant load rate of each atmospheric contamination changed , which showed that both Industrial pollution and Traffic pollution were equally heavy and that the atmospheric pollution was gradually aggravated from east and north to west and south in Guangzhou. 4) Acid rain was very serious especially in summer and autumn. 5) The distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in Guangzhou both in time and in space are closely related to the weather factors (wind speed and wind direction, air temperature and so on) and the source of pollutants. In order to reach the goal of protecting urban environment from being atmospherically polluted , the author thinks rational urban planning measures should be adopted so as to improve urban atmospheric environment, and specific countermeasures are put forward.