菇渣和鼠李糖脂联合强化苜蓿修复多环芳烃污染土壤

采用植物生物量、多环芳烃含量、土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性和土壤微生物功能多样性等多个指标,通过菇渣、鼠李糖脂和植物的单独及联合作用的盆栽试验,评价了菇渣和鼠李糖脂联合强化苜蓿修复多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤的效果.结果表明,60d内,苜蓿单独修复(AL)的降解率仅为14.43%,菇渣、鼠李糖脂联合苜蓿修复(GZ+RH0.5+AL和GZ+RH1.0+AL)显著提高了PAHs降解率,达到了32.64%和36.95%,比AL处理提高了115.45%和156.06%.与AL相比,GZ+RH1.0+AL对植物生物量提高程度最大,地上和地下生物量分别达到了1.05g/盆和0.20g/盆.在修复过程,GZ+RH1.0+AL显著提高了土壤细菌和真菌的数量,分别达到了31.37×106CFU·g-1和5.86×106CFU·g-1,特别是多环芳烃降解菌数量达到了39.57×105MPN·g-1,分别是对照(CK)和植物单独处理(AL)的29倍和4倍.就土壤脱氢酶活性而言,菇渣和苜蓿联合作用(GZ+AL)处理的活性最高,GZ+RH0.5+AL和GZ+RH1.0+AL的活性次之,分别为90.57、67.56和21.02μg/(g·d).此外,与对照(CK)相比,菇渣、鼠李糖脂和苜蓿的联合作用(GZ+RH1.0+AL)显著提高了土壤微生物群落的功能多样性.因此,菇渣和鼠李糖脂联合强化苜蓿修复PAHs污染土壤达到了比较理想效果,大面积田间试验有待进一步验证该方法的可行性.

Interactive Effect of Spent Mushroom Compost and Rhamnolipids to Enhance the Effeciency of Alfalfa Remediation of Aged PAHs Contaminated Soil

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of the most widespread organic pollutants, which distributed widely in soil and sediment. Pot experiment was conducted to improve efficiency of phytoremediation using alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in aged PAHs contaminated soil by introducing spent mushroom compost and rhamnolipids. Plant biomass, PAHs concentrations, number of soil microorganism, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial functional diversity were determined after 60 days of alfalfa growth. The results showed that within 60 days, removal ratio of PAHs in treatment of alfalfa alone (AL) reached to 14.43%, while removal ratio of PAHs in treatments of "GZ + RH0.5, + AL" and "GZ + RH1.0 + AL" reached to 32.64% and 36.95%, which were 115.45% and 156.06% higher than that of phytoremediation. Contrasted to the control, the treatment of "GZ + RH1.0 + AL" had more plant biomass than others, shoot and root dry weight were 1.05 g/pot and 0.20 g/pot, respectively. During the process of phytoremediation, the number of soil bacteria and fungi were greatly increased by "GZ + RH1.0 + AL" and reached to 31.37 x 10(6) CFU x g(-1) and 5.86 x 10(6) CFU x g(-1), especially the number of PAHs-degrading bacteria reached to 39.57 x 10(5) MPN x g(-1), which were 29 times more than control treatment and 4 times more than treatment of alfalfa alone (AL). Moreover, soil dehydrogenase activity and the functional diversity of soil microbial community were increased significantly by the treatment of "GZ + RH1.0 + AL", respectively. Therefore, interaction of spent mushroom compost and rhamnolipids to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency had satisfied results in removal aged PAHs from an agricultural soil, the feasibility of this method needed to be further proved by large-area scale field experiment.