云南地区地震灾害损失的基本特征

云南是我国地震灾害损失最为严重的地区之一。地震灾害损失评估标准实施以来，云南地区积累了较丰富的地震灾害损失评估资料。以1992～2001年云南地区破坏性地震的灾害损失评估资料为基础，分析了地震灾害损失随时间的变化特征，初步探讨了地震震级与受灾人口、人员伤亡和地震灾害经济损失等方面的关系。结果表明：(1)随着社会经济的不断发展和社会财富的不断积累，等同地震能量所造成的经济损失呈逐渐增大的趋势；(2)在空间上，由于各灾区的经济发展状况不同，等同地震能量所造成的灾害损失存在着地区差异性；(3)地震灾害损失随震级增大而增大，但二者之间并非简单的线性关系，其中生命线工程及其它特殊工程结构、重大工程设施、大型企业等的经济损失随震级的增大而以更大的比例增大。

Main features of earthquake losses in Yunnan

Yunnan is one of provinces with great earthquake losses in China. Plentiful data on earthquake losses have been accumulated in Yunnan since the implementation of the Earthquake toss Assessment Criteria. Based on the losses from destructive earthquakes in Yunnan from 1992 through 2001, the temporal variation of earthquake loss is systemically analyzed; the relationships of earthquake magnitude with damage-suffering population, casual- ties and earthquake losses are primarily discussed as well in this paper. Some essential understandings have been obtained as follows: (1) with the development of economy and accumulation of social property, the economic losses caused by equal amounts of seismic energy go up. (2) regional difference of earthquake losses exists due to the un- even levels of economic development in different areas. (3) the economic losses increase with a increase of earth- quake magnitude but the relationship between them is nonlinear. Especially, the economic losses of lifeline engi- neering, other special structures, vital engineering facilities and large-scale enterprises increase sharply with in- crease of earthquake magnitude.