流域水污染防治“十二五”规划分区方法与实践

流域规划分区管理是国内外流域治理的普遍经验，为逐步改变中国流域管理与区域管理“两张皮”的局面并促进两者的真正结合，阐述了进行流域规划分区的必要性和意义。《重点流域水污染防治规划（2011-2015年）》强化了分区、分级和分类防治的策略，构建了流域一控制区一控制单元的三级规划分区管理体系，提出了分区原则和方法，明确了流域、控制区和控制单元的范围及边界的划分方法，将8个重点流域划分为37个控制区、315个控制单元，确定了“十二五”水污染防治格局。同时筛选出118个重点控制单元，分为水质维护型、水质改善型和风险防范型3种类型，分类制定差异性的水污染防治综合治理方案，为未来流域的精细化水环境管理奠定了基础。

Regionalization Methods and Practice for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Key River Basin during Twelfth Five -Year Plan

River basin regionalization management is a common international practice in watershed management. To change the ＇two skins＇ situation and promote the real combination between China＇s watershed management and administrative regional management, the necessity and significance of watershed planning are expounded. The Twelfth Five - year plan for the key river basin water pollution prevention and control strengthens the prevention strategies of the zoning, grading and classification. The three grades partition planning system including basin, control - zone and control - unit is established. This paper presents the principles and methods for the planning partition, and the methods for the boundary for basin, control - zone and control - unit. The plan shows that the 8 key river basins are divided into 37 control zones and 315 control -units, which determines the patterns of the Twelfth Five- year water pollution prevention and control. At the same time, the 118 key control- units are selected and classified into the three types, which is water quality maintenance, water quality improvement and risk prevention, respectively. The different measures of water prevention and control for the different control - unit are put forward, which laid the foundation for the fine water environmental management in future.