江苏盐城地区水产品重金属含量与安全评价

为初步了解江苏盐城地区水产品重金属污染现状及摄入风险,于2012年5月采集了该地区海水鱼类、淡水鱼类、甲壳类、贝类、头足类5类22种主要水产品,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测肌肉中Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr等5种重金属含量,并采用单因子污染指数(P i)、重金属污染指数(MPI)、每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)及致癌与非致癌年风险(Rc ig、Rn ig、R’总)指标分别评价其污染程度、食用安全性和健康风险.结果表明,目前盐城地区水产品均受到一定程度的重金属污染,其中Cd、Pb、Cr超标较为严重,超标率分别为31.8%、31.8%、40.9%;P i结果显示,各水产品Cd、Pb、Cr含量均超过轻污染水平,其中淡水鱼类Cd、Pb含量,贝类Pb、Cr含量,头足类Cr含量达到重污染水平,Cu、Zn含量尚处于正常范围内;MPI结果显示,贝类、甲壳类重金属污染高于淡水鱼类、头足类和海水鱼类,污染程度为贝类>甲壳类>淡水鱼类>头足类>海水鱼类;总体而言,盐城地区水产品重金属的食用安全性尚在可接受范围内,但贝类和头足类的Cr摄入量已接近PTWI值,个别海水鱼类Cr的摄入量已超过PTWI值,存在较高风险;健康风险模型结果显示,各类水生生物总重金属摄入健康风险数值(R’总)均未超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受水平5.0×10-5a-1,但贝类和头足类的Cr摄入健康风险均已接近该数值,值得关注.当前,盐城地区水产品存在较严重的重金属污染,尤其是Cr污染,其污染等级、摄入风险和健康风险均较高,需引起高度重视.

Concentrations and Safety Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Products of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province

Current status and intake risk of heavy metal pollution in aquatic products were studied in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. Twenty-two kinds of aquatic products were sampled in May 2012, and the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in muscles were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Single factor pollution index (P_i) and metal pollution index (MPI) were used to evaluate the degree of pollution, and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and carcinogenic risks were used to assess the edible safety and health risk, respectively. We found all the aquatic products were contaminated, and the pollutions by Cd, Pb and Cr were more serious, with the exceeding rates of 31.8%, 31.8% and 40.9%, respectively. P_i indices indicated the contents of Cd, Pb and Cr exceeded the allowable criteria of "Light Pollution", while Cd and Pb in freshwater fish, Pb and Cr in shellfish, and Cr in cephalopoda reached the criteria of "Heavy Pollution". The MPI results showed that heavy metal pollution in shellfish was the most severe, followed by crustacean, freshwater fish, and cephalopoda, while it was slight in marine fish. At present, the edible safety of heavy metals in aquatic products was acceptable in Yancheng, but the Cr intake of shellfish and cephalopoda was approaching PTWI and that of a minority of marine fishes even exceeded the PTWI value. The model estimation for health risk indicated that the health risk value of heavy metal ingestion was still below the maximal acceptable level (5.0×10^-5 a^-1), recommended by International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP), but the values of Cr for shellfish and cephalopoda were approaching the criterion. In summary, heavy metal pollution in aquatic products in Yancheng is rather severe, especially for Cr pollution, and more attention should be paid to the pollution status, edible safety and health risk.