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Atmospheric pollution in an urban environment by tree bark biomonitoring--part I: trace element analysis |
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| Authors: | Guéguen Florence Stille Peter Lahd Geagea Majdi Boutin René |
| Affiliation: | a Laboratoire D’Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg, EOST, UMR 7517 CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France b Equipe de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, Laboratoire Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, UMR 7515 CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France c Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 |
| Abstract: | Tree bark has been shown to be a useful biomonitor of past air quality because it accumulates atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in its outermost structure. Trace element concentrations of tree bark of more than 73 trees allow to elucidate the impact of past atmospheric pollution on the urban environment of the cities of Strasbourg and Kehl in the Rhine Valley. Compared to the upper continental crust (UCC) tree barks are strongly enriched in Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. To assess the degree of pollution of the different sites in the cities, a geoaccumulation index Igeo was applied. Global pollution by V, Ni, Cr, Sb, Sn and Pb was observed in barks sampled close to traffic axes. Cr, Mo, Cd pollution principally occurred in the industrial area. A total geoaccumulation index IGEO-tot was defined; it is based on the total of the investigated elements and allows to evaluate the global pollution of the studied environment by assembling the Igeo indices on a pollution map. |
| Keywords: | Tree bark biomonitoring Trace metals Air pollution Tracing Industrial sources Traffic |
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