基于植物多样性的北京市湿地生态质量评价

湿地植物多样性反映着湿地生态环境状况,并对维持湿地生态系统功能和服务至关重要.为掌握北京市湿地植物多样性现状并评估湿地生态质量状况,对北京市22处湿地植物多样性进行了调查,并结合遥感数据,从湿地植物的生境状况、物种多样性、群落典型性和外来种侵入度等4个方面建立指标开展评估,并分析生态环境因子和人类活动因子对湿地植物物种...

Ecological Quality Assessment of the Wetlands in Beijing: Based on Plant Diversity

Wetland plant diversity reveals key aspects of the environmental and ecological status of wetlands and plays an important role in the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services. The present study surveyed the plant species diversity of 22 wetlands in Beijing and, combining field data and remote sensing data, evaluated ecological qualities of the wetlands based on indicators of habitat status, plant species diversity, typical wetland plant community, and status of alien plant invasion. A total of 338 species (including varieties and subspecies) belonging to 220 genera of 74 families of wetland plants were recorded in Beijing. The wetlands could be divided into four types according to plant species composition, which showed a spatial gradient pattern from urban core to ecological conservation areas. Wetlands located in ecological conservation areas were of better ecological quality than those located in urban core and suburban plain areas. The value of ecological quality index (EQI) for Baihe River, Huaishahe-Huaijiuhe River, Jinniu Lake, Hanshiqiao Wetland, and Yongdinghe River (Mentougou Section) were in the top five, whereas the value of EQI for river-type wetlands located in suburban plain areas were relatively lower. The results of the canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the most critical factors affecting wetland plant species composition were the distance to the nearest road, water total nitrogen, and area percentage of ecological green land. Furthermore, the results of the canonical correlation analysis indicated that the most critical factors affecting wetland plant species diversity were the area percentage of construction land and water total organic carbon. Human activity intensity and water quality have a strong impact on the plant diversity and ecological quality of wetlands in Beijing. It is suggested that efforts should be made to strengthen the ecological protection and restoration of the river-type wetlands located in suburban plain areas.