生活垃圾分类实践效果、问题与对策分析:以湖州市织里镇为例

为探究城镇生活垃圾分类的实践现状和存在问题,以浙江省湖州市织里镇为例,采用实地调研的方式开展研究。自2019年7月以来,织里镇采取"二定四分"的收集模式(其中,"二定"指定时和定点,"四分"指可回收垃圾、有害垃圾、易腐垃圾和其他垃圾)。2020年,织里镇易腐垃圾收集量达到22219.98 t,相比2018年增加了67.5%;其他垃圾的收集量为116493.92 t,比2018年减少了22%。生活垃圾分类行为使得织里镇易腐垃圾与其他垃圾的收集量呈负相关,干湿分类效果显著。织里镇针对特色服装行业所产生的废旧布条采取"因地制宜"的垃圾管理模式,实现固体废物的"分类投放、分类收集、分类运输、分类处置"。2020年分类收集废旧布条41100.07 t。然而在垃圾分类过程中发现干湿分离率不高、资源回收利用不足、有害垃圾的商业化运作有待提高等问题。结合当前现状,给出以下3点建议:1)提高公众垃圾干湿分类的责任意识;2)全面建立垃圾资源化标准体系;3)推行生产者责任制度,促进有害垃圾的商业化运作。

ANALYSIS OF PRACTICAL EFFECTS,PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF DOMESTIC WASTE CLASSIFICATION:A CASE STUDY IN ZHILI TOWN,HUZHOU

In order to explore the practical status quo and existing problems of household waste classification in cities and towns, Zhili Town in Huzhou City, was taken as an example to carry out the research using a method of field investigation. Since July 2019, Zhili town had adopted a collection mode of Two-regulation & four-classification (two-regulation refers to the regulated time and place, and four-classification refers to the recycling garbage, harmful garbage, perishable garbage, and other garbage). In 2020, the amount of perishable garbage collected in Zhili Town was as high as 22219.98 tons, about 67.5% higher than in 2018. Meanwhile, the amount of other garbage collected was 116493.92 tons, about 22% lower than in 2018. Therefore, household waste classification made the collection amount of perishable garbage in Zhili Town negatively correlated with that of other garbage, and the effect of perishable garbage and other waste classification was very significant. In view of the cloth waste produced by the specialty clothing industry, the town adopted the garbage management mode of Adapting Measures to Local Conditions to realize the classification of solid waste, classification of collection, classification of transportation, classification of disposal. In the implementation process of garbage classification, problems were found including the separation rate of perishable garbage and other garbage separation was not high, insufficient recycling and utilization of resources, and deficiency in commercial operation to the hazardous waste. Combined with the current situation of Zhili town, the following three suggestions were given as follows:1) improving the public awareness of the responsibility of perishable garbage and other garbage classification; 2) establishing a comprehensive standard system for waste recycling; 3) implementing the system of extended producer responsibility to promote the commercial operation of hazardous waste.