污泥生物炭制备与其对土壤环境影响的研究进展

污泥生物炭由于具有优异的孔隙结构和较大的比表面积,吸附能力强,在环境污染修复、土壤改良和固碳方面得到广泛研究。从污泥生物炭的来源与性质出发,探讨了污泥生物炭施入土壤后对土壤结构改良、营养成分提升等方面的作用机制,分析了污泥生物炭的制备工艺与相应污泥生物炭的特性以及返还土壤的效用状况。通过对作为肥料的污泥生物炭的品质分析,针对性地评价了其安全性及对土壤环境的积极影响,并对存在典型问题的土壤进行归类,从土壤改良需求与污泥生物炭特性适配的角度,为污泥生物炭制备工艺的选择提供指导。污泥生物炭应用对促进污泥资源化利用、实现碳减排具有重要现实意义,优化污泥生物炭制备工艺、客观评价污泥生物炭土地利用环境风险、强化污泥生物炭改性、重视污泥生物炭综合效益评价等是未来重点研究方向。

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON PREPARATION OF SLUDGE BASED BIOCHAR AND ITS EFFECT ON SOIL ENVIRONMENT

Sludge based biochar has been widely studied in environmental pollution remediation, soil improvement and carbon fixation, due to its excellent pore structure, large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity. Based on the sources and properties of sludge biochar, this paper introduces the mechanism of soil structure improvement and nutrient composition amelioration after applying sludge biochar to soil, and summarizes the preparation process, the characteristics and the effectiveness of sludge biochar on soil. Through the analysis for the quality of sludge biochar as fertilizer, the safety of sludge biochar and its positive effect on soil environment are evaluated. In addition, through the brief classification of the typical problems on soil, it provides reference for the selection of sludge biochar preparation process from the perspective of adaptation of soil improvement requirements and sludge biochar characteristics. Therefore, the application of sludge biochar has important practical significance in promoting the utilization of sludge resources and achieving carbon emission reduction. Finally, key research directions, such as optimizing the preparation process, objectively evaluating the environmental risks of land use, strengthening the modification, and attaching importance to the comprehensive benefit evaluation of sludge biochar, are put forward.