土壤-作物系统中重金属元素吸收、迁移和积累过程模拟

土壤-作物系统是重金属危害生态环境和人类健康的重要途径,研究和了解土壤-作物系统中重金属元素的吸收、迁移和积累过程,对重金属污染的防控与管理以及人类的健康具有重要意义.本文建立作物吸收重金属的模型,计算小麦根、茎、叶以及籽粒中的重金属含量,分析在小麦生长周期中,根、茎、叶以及籽粒的重金属积累随时间变化的过程,并将预测值与实测值作对比来检验模型的精确度.结果表明,小麦的不同部位对重金属的吸收能力不同,根的吸收能力最强,叶片次之,茎和籽粒重金属的吸收能力较弱.小麦的各部位中不同重金属的含量也存在明显的差异,Cu元素的含量最高,Ni次之,Pb元素和Cd元素的含量较小.在小麦生长过程中,茎、叶和籽粒中的重金属积累速度分别在小麦生长90、60和135 d左右开始减缓,重金属含量逐渐达到最大值,而根部重金属积累的速度则呈现不断增长的趋势.本文利用数值模拟技术研究了重金属在土壤-作物系统中的吸收、迁移和积累过程,可为防范重金属污染的生态和健康风险提供科学依据.

Simulation of the Absorption, Migration and Accumulation Process of Heavy Metal Elements in Soil-crop System

Soil-crop system is an important way that heavy metals harm the ecological environment and human health. To research and understand the process of heavy metal absorption, migration and accumulation in soil-crop system is important for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution and the health of human beings. In this paper, we established a model for crop uptake of heavy metals to calculate the heavy metals contents of wheat roots, stems, leaves and grains, and we analyzed the accumulation process of heavy metals in roots, stems, leaves and grains in the growth cycle of wheat. The predicted values were compared with the measured values to test the accuracy of the model. The results demonstrated that different parts of wheat had different heavy metal absorption capacity, the absorption of the roots was the strongest, followed by leaves, and the absorption capacity of stems and grains was weak. In addition, the contents of different heavy metals in each part of wheat were also significantly different. The content of Cu was the highest, followed by Ni, while the contents of Pb and Cd were small. In the process of wheat growth, the heavy metal accumulation rate of stem, leaf and grain began to slow down at 90, 60 and 100 days respectively, and the concentration of heavy metals reached the maximum gradually, while the accumulation rate of heavy metals in roots showed a growing trend. We studied the process of absorption, migration and accumulation of heavy metals in soil-crop system by using numerical simulation technology, which can provide scientific basis for preventing the ecological and health risks of heavy metal pollution.