不同镉浓度及pH条件下纳米沸石对土壤镉形态及大白菜镉吸收的影响

采用室内培养试验研究了不同镉浓度(1、5、10和15 mg·kg-1)及pH条件下(4、5、6、7和8)纳米沸石和普通沸石施用量(0、5、10和20 g·kg-1)对土壤镉形态分布和CEC的影响,并通过盆栽试验研究了纳米沸石和普通沸石施用量对大白菜生长、镉含量及积累量的影响.结果表明,施用纳米沸石和普通沸石均显著降低了土壤可交换态镉(EX-F)含量和FDC(即土壤中镉的某种形态占总镉的质量分数),增加了碳酸盐结合态(CAB-F)、铁锰氧化态(FMO-F)、有机态(OM-F)和残渣态(RES-F)镉含量和FDC.培养结束时,沸石处理使可交换态镉FDC从0 d时的72.0%~88.0%降至2.4%~10.7%,各处理土壤镉主要以可交换态存在.土壤pH与土壤EX-F镉含量存在极显著的负相关关系(P0.01),与FMO-F和OM-F镉含量存在极显著的正相关(P0.01).土壤CEC与土壤EX-F镉含量均存在极显著负相关关系(P0.01).施用沸石使大白菜植株各部位干重较对照增加了14.3%~131.4%,地上部和根镉含量分别降低了1.0%~75.0%和3.8%~53.2%.新晋菜三号各部位镉含量和镉积累量明显高于山东四号品种.与普通沸石相比,纳米沸石显著提高大白菜生物量的同时,也显著降低了大白菜镉含量及镉积累量.

Effect of Nano Zeolite on Chemical Fractions of Cd in Soil and Uptake by Chinese Cabbage at Different Soil pH and Cadmium Levels

Incubation experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different nano zeolite(NZ) and ordinary zeolite(OZ) levels(0, 5, 10 and 20 g·kg^-1) on the fraction distribution coefficient (FDC) of Cd and soil CEC at different soil pH (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) when exposed to different cadmium(Cd) levels(1, 5, 10 and 15 mg·kg^-1), and pot experiment were carried out to investigate the effects of nano zeolite(NZ) and ordinary zeolite(OZ) on the growth, Cd concentration and Cd accumulation of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that nano zeolite and ordinary zeolite decreased the concentration and FDC of exchangeable Cd (EX-F), and increased the concentration and FDC of carbonate(CAB-F), Fe-Mn oxide(FMO-F), organic matter (OM-F) and residual fraction(RES-F) in incubation experiments. At the end of incubation, the FDC of soil exchangeable Cd decreased from 72.0%-88.0% to 2.4%-10.7%. The decreasing effect of zeolite on the concentration and FDC of exchangeable Cd (EX-F) increased with the increase of zeolite, and the decreasing effect of nano zeolite (NZ) was better than that of ordinary zeolite (OZ). During the culture of 28 d, the concentration of different Cd fractions in soil was in order of EX-F>RES-F>FMO-F>CAB-F>OM-F under different pH conditions. Exchangeable fraction Cd was the dominant fraction of Cd in soil during the whole incubation. Soil CEC had significant negative correlation with soil exchangeable Cd (EX-F) (P<0.01), and significant positive correlation with the concentrations of Fe-Mn oxide(FMO-F) and organic matter (OM-F) in soil(P<0.01). Nano zeolite and ordinary zeolite effectively increased soil CEC, and soil CEC increased with the increase of the pH value of soil in the zeolite treatments. Significant negative correlation was found in soil pH with soil exchangeable Cd (EX-F)(P<0.01). The dry weight of plant tissues in Chinese cabbage increased by 14.3%-131.4% in the presence of nano zeolite(NZ) and ordinary zeolite(OZ), and Cd concentration of shoot and root decreased by 1.0%-75.0% and 3.8%-53.2%, respectively. Higher concentration and accumulation of Cd were observed in XJC3 variety than those in SD 4 variety. Compared with ordinary zeolite (OZ), nano zeolite (NZ) was better in increasing the biomass of Chinese cabbage as well as decreasing accumulation of Cd in Chinese cabbage.