地下水中溶解性有机物的垂直分布特征及成因

地下水中溶解性有机物(DOM)能够改变外来污染物的存在形态和迁移转化过程,其组成和分布特征研究具有重要的环境意义.采用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱,联合平行因子分析和主成分分析,对3个不同埋深(1.2、1.5及1.8 m)地下水中DOM的来源、组成、浓度、分布特征及影响因素进行了研究,结果表明,地下水中DOM来源于陆源有机质输入和微生物活动,含有类腐殖质、异质性有机物和类蛋白物质这3种组分,类腐殖质与异质性有机物在中下层含量最高而表层最低,类蛋白物质在中间层含量最低而表层含量最高.中下层地下水中DOM的芳香性、腐殖化率、分子量和极性官能团含量最高,而表层地下水中DOM的芳香性、腐殖化率、分子量和极性官能团含量最低.地下水中DOM的垂直分布主要受有机质腐殖化率、芳香性、分子量和极性影响,腐殖化率和芳香性强、分子量大和极性高的DOM难降解、易迁移进入下层地下水.

Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Groundwater and Its Cause

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can change the species, migration and transformation of foreign pollutants in groundwater, and the investigations of its composition and distribution characteristics play a role in environment protection. The groundwater DOMs were obtained at the depths of 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 m, and its origin, composition, concentration, distribution characteristics and influencing factors were studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra combined with parallel factor analysis and principle components analysis. The results showed that, DOM in the groundwater originated from both terrigenous input and microbial activities, and was comprised of humic-like matter, heterogeneous component, and protein-like matter. Humic-like matter and heterogeneous components showed a high concentration at 1.5 m and a low one at 1.2 m, whereas the protein-like matter exhibited a low concentration at 1.5 m and a high one at 1.2 m. The groundwater DOM at 1.5 m exhibited the highest aromaticity, humification, molecular weight and polar functional group content, while that at 1.2 m depth showed the lowest aromaticity, humification, molecular weight and polar functional group content. The vertical distribution of DOM in groundwater was related to aromaticity, humification, molecular weight and polar functional group, and the DOM with high aromaticity, humification, molecular weight and polar functional group resisted to biodegradation, and could easily enter into the bottom layer groundwater.