山区生态经济综合区划的新方法探讨──以湖南怀化市为例

山区生态经济综合区划，针对山区资源丰富但生态脆弱的特色，使之既符合生态环境的合理性，又有利于社会经济的发展。以怀化市为例，以地域分异规律和山地系统理论为指导思想，根据生态环境和自然资源结构、社会经济特征和区域综合发展方向（ＰＲＥＤ系统综合评价）等相对一致性、时限性、宏观区域框架与地域类型相结合和区域共轭性等原则，采取自下而上（Ｂｏｔｔｏｍｕｐ）和自上而下（Ｔｏｐ ｄｏｗｎ）两种设计思路４种方法，依托图文信息可视化系统（ＭＦＩＶＳ）等先进技术手段，选择适当的指标体系，进行综合评价和聚类分区。自下而上途径采用综合评价指标体系，即按照资源环境与社会经济相结合和空间跨度与时间跨度相结合等原则来设计指标体系（５个层次、５２个单项因子），然后进行系统聚类分析、星座聚类分析和模糊综合分析三种综合评价，各种评价结果相互验证，其结果大体一致。自上而下途径采用综合定性指标（在此选择纬度和交通位置）。综合两种途径４种方法的结果，怀化市生态经济综合区划为２区３亚区两个等级。经过具体尝试，得到的区划结果比较客观准确，也说明该方法是一种简洁实用而又行之有效的综合区划方法。

PROBE ON NEW METHOD OF ECO - ECONOMIC COMPREHENSIVE DIVISION OF MOUNTAINOUS AREA --TAKING HUAIHUA CITY OF HUNAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

The comprehensive eco-economic division of mountain area, in allusion to the characteristics of abundant resources and frail ecosystem in this area, make it both in accordance with rationality of eco-environment and in favor of development of society and economy. Taking the mountainous area-Huaihua City as an example, under the guidance of regional difference and mountain system theory, and on the basis of the principles comprising of relative consistency (of ecological environment and territorial resources, socio-economic, and regional comprehensive development direction, i. e., comprehensive evaluation of PRED system), limitation period, integrating area macrostructure with regional types and regional conjugation, the authors adopt two contrivance approaches (bottom-up and top-down), The bottom-up approach adopts comprehensive evaluation index system. That is to say, in the light of the principles including integrating resources- environment with socio-economy and combining spatial span with temporal limitation, etc., the index system designed contains five grades and fifty-two single factors, and the three comprehensive evaluations taken includes system clustering, gray constellation clustering and fuzzy integrate analysis. Three appraisal results validate each other, which are approximately consistent. The topdown approach introduces synthetic qualitative indexes. Hereon, latitude location and traffic situations are adopted. Summing the results of two approaches which include four kinds of means, Huaihua City is synthetically divided into two grades comprising of two regions and three sub- regions. After concrete attempts are carried through, the division result gained is relatively objective and accurate, and it also illuminates that the new method is of concision, utility and effectiveness.