中国典型抗生素在环境介质中的污染特征与生态风险评价

通过收集国内各地区水体、沉积物和土壤中抗生素的最新污染数据，试图从全国尺度范围进行分析，以反映我国环境中抗生素的污染状况，并利用风险商值（RQs）评估抗生素的生态风险.结果表明，我国各地水体、沉积物和土壤均受到不同程度的抗生素污染，南方地区水体污染较为严重，而西部地区则较轻.生态风险评价结果表明，我国水体中红霉素、罗红霉素、四环素、金霉素、磺胺甲唑和诺氟沙星是高风险污染物，占比为20.9%，主要分布在山东、湖北、浙江、四川、广东、海南、江苏和江西等地；江河沉积物中，诺氟沙星是高风险污染物，占比为11.1%，主要分布在黄河、海河、辽河和珠江等地；养殖场沉积物中，四环素、土霉素、金霉素和诺氟沙星是高风险污染物，占比高达72.5%；土壤中，四环素和金霉素是高风险污染物，占比为28.6%，主要分布在辽宁、四川、天津和山东等地，以上高风险区域应引起相关部门的重视.研究结果可为我国抗生素的污染防治提供科学依据和数据支撑.

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Typical Antibiotics in Environmental Media in China

To investigate the environmental pollution status of antibiotics in China on a national scale, a large number of the latest pollution data of antibiotics in water, sediment, and soil were collected, and ecological risks of antibiotics were evaluated using the risk quotients (RQs). The results showed that water, sediments, and soils in different parts of China were contaminated with antibiotics to varying degrees; antibiotics pollution of water bodies was relatively severe in the south of China but moderate in the west. The ecological risk assessment revealed that erythromycin, roxithromycin, tetracycline, colistin, sulfamethoxazole, and norfloxacin were high-risk pollutants in water, accounting for 20.9% of the total antibiotics, and were mainly distributed in Shandong, Hubei, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guangdong, Hainan, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi provinces. Furthermore, norfloxacin was identified as the primary high-risk pollutant in river sediments, such as those of the Yellow River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, and Pearl River, accounting for 11.11% of all antibiotics. In contrast, tetracycline, tylosin, colistin, and norfloxacin were the main high-risk pollutants in aquaculture sediments, accounting for 72.5% of the total. In soil, tetracycline and colistin contents comprised a high ratio of the total amount (up to 28.6%); these were mainly distributed in Liaoning, Sichuan, Tianjin, and Shandong provinces. Relevant authorities should focus on the above-mentioned high-risk regions. This study provides sufficient scientific basis and data support for preventing and controlling antibiotic pollution in China.