铊,铊中毒及铊在生态系中迁移径迹

铊属于分散元素,独立矿物稀少,极难形成独立铊矿床。铊世界年产量约15吨,几乎都是从有色金属选冶产品中作为副产品顺便回收。我国铊资源比较丰富,按相同等级资源相比,我国铊储量居世界首位。铊的地球化学性质受其电子构型和地质地球化学作用制约,铊原子处于基态时的电子构型为6S26P1。铊有两个地球化学价态,正一价和正三价,在自然界多数呈正一价。铊具有低温成矿,亲硫和高温分散,亲石的双重地球化学性质。铊是有用元素,也是有毒元素。铊被广泛用于超导、电子、合金、光学、化工、玻璃和医药等工业。铊的毒性对哺乳动物比汞、隔、铅、铜、锌还强。铊对生物有毒害,高含量的铊对人体可导致不同程度的铊病,甚至死亡。由于铊矿床的开发利用,使采挖出的含铊岩矿石和冶炼矿渣堆积地表,在长期风化淋滤作用下,使释放的铊进入地表水体、土壤、植物、动物和人体生态链,故引起铊环境污染和铊中毒。

T1, T1 Poisoning, and TI Remove Tracks in the Ecological System

Thallium is a dispersed element and it seldom occurs in the form of independent minerals.The world annual production of Tl is about 15 ton,most of which is by-product separated from non-ferrous metal product.China is abundant in Tl resources and the reserves of Tl in China rank the first in the world.The electronic configuration of Tl is 6S26P1 when thallium atoms are in the ground state.Thallium has two geochemical valent states: positively monovalent and positively trivalent.It is mostly positively monova...