生物降解型消油剂与180#燃料油对黄海胆（Glyptocidaris crenularis）CAT和SOD活性的影响

为研究消油剂和溢油对海洋底栖生物的急性毒性效应，将黄海胆（Glyptocidaris crenularis）暴露于不同浓度（油水配比浓度分别为0.92 g/L、1.84 g/L、3.68 g/L）的180#燃料油分散液（water-accommodated fractions，WAFs）和经生物降解型消油剂处理后得到的乳化液（Biological enhanced water-accommodated fractions，BEWAFs）中，分别于暴露期24 h、48 h和96 h及恢复期24 h和48 h时，检测WAFs和BEWAFs对海胆性腺和肠组织的过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响。结果显示，暴露在WAFs和BEWAFs中的性腺组织CAT、SOD和肠组织CAT活性总体呈先升高后降低趋势，而肠组织SOD活性随着暴露时间的增加呈升高—降低—升高趋势。肠组织中两种酶活性的最大诱导值出现的时间早于性腺组织，且恢复期时肠组织中各浓度组与对照组间差异更为显著，说明肠组织受石油烃氧化胁迫的敏感性比性腺组织强。与WAFs和BEWAFs相比，消油剂对照组中两种酶活性变化较小，由此可知，生物降解型消油剂本身对黄海胆的影响非常小，但其与燃料油对黄海胆的复合毒性效应却大于燃料油本身。海胆体内的CAT和SOD活性对石油烃的急性毒性效应较为敏感，可作为监测海上石油烃污染程度的生物标志物。

Effect of bioremediation dispersant and 180# fuel oil on CAT and SOD in Glyptocidaris crenularis

To study the acute toxic effects of 180# fuel oil and dispersant on benthos, sea urchin (Glyptocidaris crenularis) was exposed to different concentrations (0.92 g/L、1.84 g/L and 3.68 g/L) of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) and biological enhanced water-accommodated fractions (BEWAFs).The experiment included two parts:exposure period (24 h, 48 h and 96 h) and recovery period (24 h and 48 h).The effects of WAFs and BEWAFs on sea urchin were assessed by measuring the activities of CAT and SOD in gonad and intestines.The results showed that in the exposure period, the activities of CAT, SOD in gonad and CAT in intestines increased at first and then decreased, while the trends of SOD in intestines were increase-decrease-increase.The strong induction of CAT and SOD activities in intestines appeared earlier than that of gonad.And in recovery period, compared with gonad, the difference of CAT and SOD between intestinal tissue and control group was more significant.It indicated that intestinal tissue was more sensitive to petroleum hydrocarbon pollution than gonad.Compared with WAFs and BEWAFs, the changes of CAT and SOD in dispersant control group were not obvious, demonstrating subtle negative effects of bioremediation dispersant on marine organism, while the co-toxicity of dispersant and fuel oil was higher than that of WAFs.The activities of CAT and SOD were sensitive to petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and suitable for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon pollution.