河南省淮河流域伏牛山区主要生态恢复演替序列构建

为构建河南省淮河流域内伏牛山区的主要植被类型在生态恢复过程中的演替序列，选取了登封市、鲁山县、确山县和泌阳市4个典型地点，利用空间代替时间方法调查了不同演替系列的主要群落类型，采用排序并结合演替度、分层频度等分析方法构建了该区域的演替序列。结果表明：河南省淮河流域伏牛山区生态恢复过程中的植被群落可分为5种类型，即生态林封禁抚育群落、灌草坡封禁保护群落、梯田耕作经济林群落、梯田经济林弃耕群落、禁牧禁樵生态林群落；群落稳定性大小依次为栎类林、经济林与人工针叶林；植被演替可构建为自然恢复、人工种植后的自然恢复、人工经济林、进展与逆行等4个演替序列；其基本序列可识别为草丛、灌丛、人工林、经济林弃耕恢复林、栎类幼龄林、栎类中龄林等，演替度平均值分别为1.06、5.33、6.19、11.09、12.86、12.26；阔叶树种通常具有较大的分层频度，表明其良好的进展性与稳定性，以其为主要种类所构成的群落类型基本上均处于演替序列中的后期阶段；因此，可以将阔叶林以及特殊条件下的人工林设定为该区域生态恢复的目标植被类型。将几种演替分析方法综合运用，可以较全面地从区域微观尺度上揭示植被的演替过程，能较好地阐明植被演替过程；研究结果可以为生态恢复过程中植被动态与水文生态功能动态相关性、流域生态功能区划、生态恢复目标的制定与过程设计、以及流域生态保护策略制定等提供依据。

Succession sere construction of main ecological restoration practices in Funiu Mountainous regions in Huaihe River reaches in Henan province

To understand succession sere of main vegetations in ecological restoration process in Funiu mountainous region in Huaihe River reaches, we surveyed the main communities in 4 selected typical sites in Dengfeng City, Lushan County, Queshan County and Beiyang City, Henan Province, using the spatial-temporal substitution method. The ordination method, index of succession degree and stratification frequency was used to analyze the succession sere. The results showed that the main ecological restoration vegetations can be classified into 5 types, i.e. enclosure and banned ecological tending forest community, enclosure and banned sloppy shrub or grass community, terraced farming economic forest community, abandoned terraces farming economic forest community, banned grazing and firewood ecological forest community, and the community stability order is oak forest, economic forest and artificial planted coniferous forest. Succession sere can be divided into 4 types including natural restoration sere, natural restoration after artificial planting sere, artificial planted economic forest sere and progressive or retrogressive sere. The basic sere can be identified as grass community, shrub community, man planted forest stand, natural restoration stand of abandoned artificial planted economic forest, young Quercus spp. stand, and middle aged Quercus spp. stand, their average index of succession degree were 1.06, 5.33, 6.19, 11.09, 12.86 and 12.26, respectively. The deciduous trees have higher stratification frequency, better progressive and stable characteristics, which indicted the community composed mainly with these deciduous trees is the latter process in the restoration sere. Thus, deciduous trees, or some artificial planted forest in certain conditions can be defined as the ecological restoration target in this region. This paper studied the vegetable succession process using comprehensive methods at micro-scale, which can demonstrated the vegetable succession further. The result could be applied as a basic support for the study of vegetation succession and its hydro-ecological relationship, river reaches ecological regionalization, restoration aim and procedure design, and ecological conservation strategy establishing.