长江流域节水前景与措施浅析

长江流域涉及19个省、市、自治区，面积180万km^2，人均水资源量2288m^3，略高于全国平均水平，属水资源相对丰富地区。但水资源时空分布不均衡、水污染日趋严重、浪费水现象十分突出等问题．导致流域内资源型缺水、水质型缺水和工程管理型缺水均存在。通过对长江流域节水必要性的论述，对流域内落后的农业灌溉方式和用水管理模式以及落后的生活和工业供用水设施等导致的水利用效率低下现状与先进水平的比较，分析了流域内节水的广阔前景，同时针对目前认识观念和投入不足、机制不力、法制不强等节水工作软环境存在的问题，提出了节流优先、治污为本、多渠道开源、加强水管理和提高水效率、政府引导和市场推动相结合的重点解决措施。

ANALYSIS ON WATER SAVING PROSPECTIVES AND METHODS IN THE YANGTZE BASIN

The Yangtze basin is1800000km 2 in dimensions,which covers19provinces(municipalities,autonomies),with water resources per captia being only2288m 3 that is somewhat above the national average,This basin is included in the region where water resources are pretty adequate.However,there exist many serious problems:first,water resources distribution is heterogeneous;second,water is polluted;last but not the least,wasted water is enormours.All these phenomena mentioned above give rise to numerous water-shorting types,such as water resources,water quality,project management and so on.In the essay,during the course of discussing water-saving necessity of the Yangtze River,the difference is compared between advanced level and lag level in the utility rate of water resources,the low utility rate of which results from lag irrigation ways and water management models in agriculture,lag water-supplying facilities in life demand and industry,respectively,and the water-saving prospective is analyzed.Furthermore,according to the present problems,such as the lack of water-saving ideas and investment,lax management constructions and running rules,law and conscience and so on,many methods are represented,including saving water resource,dealing with pollution,exploring new water origins,strengthening water management,propelling government guidance,and inducing market principle.