多孔钛板负载Pd-Cu阴极电催化还原饮用水中硝酸盐的研究

研究了以多孔钛板负载钯-铜(4∶1)合金作为阴极,通过电催化还原脱除饮用水中硝酸盐氮的效果和主要影响因素.试验表明,电催化反硝化的主要产物为氮气,钯-铜合金的电催化活性可达到16.69 mg/(g·h)、选择性可达96.9%.在低硝酸盐氮浓度下,电催化反硝化反应符合表观一级反应动力学,高浓度时符合零级反应动力学.当槽压低于1.5V或电流强度小于5mA时,阴极几乎不会发生硝酸盐氮的还原反应;而当槽压大于4.2V时或电流强度大于30mA时,阴极生成氨氮的副反应显著增加.中性条件下电催化反硝化的活性和选择性都能达到较好的效果,酸性条件下反应活性增加但选择性降低.溶液中的传质对反硝化没有显著影响.溶液中存在的其它阴离子对反硝化不利,不同阴离子对反硝化反应的影响次序为ClO₄^-3^--.

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate from Drinking Water by Porous Titanium Loaded Pd-Cu Cathode

We investigated performances as well as influencing factors of electrocatalytic denitrification of a porous titanium loaded Pd-Cu (4:1) cathode, from drinking water. Up to 96.9% of NO3(-)-N may be reduced to N2 with electrocatalytic activity as 16.69 mg/ (g x h). The Nitrate reduction presented an apparent first order reaction at lower nitrate concentration, while a zero order reaction at higher nitrate concentration. Little nitrate reduction was observed when cell voltage (or current) was lower than 1.5 V (or 5 mA); the side reaction of ammonium production became noticeable if the cell voltage (or current) was higher than 4.2 V (or 30 mA). Both the activity and the selectivity were good at a neutral pH; at acidic pH, the activity increased while the selectivity decreased. Mass transfer in solution was found little effect on the reactions in the tests. Other anions such as ClO4-, HCO3-, Cl- did somewhat harms to NO3(-)-N removal with sequence of ClO4- < HCO3- < Cl-.