云南森林生态功能区农户生态补偿支付意愿(WTP)影响因素及差异性分析

生态补偿是协调经济与资源环境和谐发展,化解生态环境与经济增长矛盾的有效手段,对推进生态文明建设意义深远。基于云南省5个州市农户调查数据,运用二元Probit模型,分析了云南森林生态功能区农户生态补偿支付意愿的关键影响因素及其差异性。研究表明:大部分农户愿意为生态补偿付费,影响其支付意愿的主要因素是性别、年龄、是否兼业、家庭人口数、非农收入比重、生态补偿重要性认知、森林经济效益是否比生态效益重要、生态环境满意度、政府是否对生态环境保护宣传、政策执行信任度以及信息获取难易程度;其中年龄、家庭农业劳动力人数和信息获取难易程度对专业户支付意愿有重要影响,而家庭人口数、非农收入比重以及获得政府补偿的情况对兼业户支付意愿有重要影响;是否兼业、非农收入比重、对生态补偿了解程度以及信息获取难易程度对传统散户支付意愿影响较大;对政策执行的信任程度和产业发展程度对种植大户支付意愿有重要影响。基于此,提出了完善政府农村就业服务职能,鼓励农户非农就业、创业;完善生态功能区环境教育体系和宣传制度建设,强化农户环保意识;强化政府职责及其政策推广、执行力度,构建综合、完善的生态补偿宣传媒介;制定并实施差异化的生态补偿措施等具体对策建议。

FARM HOUSEHOLDS' WILLINGNESS TO PAY(WTP) FOR ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION: INFLUENTIAL FACTORS AND DISCREPANCIES IN THE CASE OF FORESTRY ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION AREAS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

Ecological compensation is an effective method to coordinate the harmonious development of economy and resource environment and to resolve the contradiction between ecological environment and economic growth.It has profound significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization.Based on the survey data from farm households in five cities in Yunnan Province,this research,using bivariate Probit model,analyzed key influencing factors of farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for ecological compensation and their discrepancies in the forestry ecological function areas.The results showed that most farmers were willing to pay for ecological compensation;main factors that affected their WTP included:gender,age,concurrent business,family population,the proportion of off-farm income,the cognition of importance of ecological compensation,whether the economic benefit of forests is more important than its ecological benefit,their satisfaction with ecological environment,whether the government has advocated ecological compensation as well as the degree of access to information.Age,household agricultural labor force and the degree of access to information had an importance influence on farmers' WTP;family population,the proportion of off-farm income and government compensation played a major role in influencing households' WTP;four factors,whether having concurrent business,the proportion of off-farm income,the degree of understanding of ecological compensation and access to information,had more significant influence on WTP of traditional farmers;trust on policy implementation and industrial development situation have played an important role.Therefore,this research put forward the following specific countermeasures:improving government service function in rural employment,encouraging farmers taking offfarm employment and entrepreneurship,improving the construction of environmental education system in ecological function areas,promoting farmers' environmental protection consciousness,strengthening government responsibility and policy promotion and enforcement,building a comprehensive and ameliorated publicity medium of ecological compensation,as well as establishing and implementation of differentiated ecological compensation measures.