上海宁波两港集装箱航运网络研究（2004~2015年）

港口之间的竞争不仅仅是对陆向腹地货源的竞争，还是对海向腹地特别是航线的争夺。选取上海和宁波为样本，以网络分析软件Gephi和ArcGIS为基本工具，通过复杂网络指标分析上海宁波两港2004~2015年航运地位的变化，以航区为海向腹地的基本空间单元，刻画上海、宁波两港海向腹地市场的变动格局。研究发现：上海港一直保持中国航运网络中的中心地位，近年来，宁波港的网络地位明显上升，中心性与中介性在中国大陆各港口中仅落后于上海港而排在第二位；两港口市场覆盖范围不断扩张，宁波港在近洋航线上不如上海港，但在远洋航线的地中海、西北欧、南亚、北美东西两岸、南美东西两岸、非洲东西两岸等两港覆盖的港口数旗鼓相当；两港口在各航区的首位联系港具有一致性，但至2015年，上海港与美国东部纽约等港口的主要联系被宁波港所取代。在研究数据选取上，采用了航线数据，突破了现有研究以吞吐量数据为主的限制，在研究方法上采用了可视化网络分析软件，将定性数据进行了定量化转化，大大提升了研究成果的可靠性。

A STUDY ON THE CONTAINER SHIPPING NETWORK OF SHANGHAI AND NINGBO PORTS

Competition among the ports is not only the competition for the supply of land to the hinterland but also that to the foreland,especially contending for shipping routes.Therefore,the routes become a kind of important data for statistical analyzing,which can visualize the shipping network and perform the statistical change of Ports by social network analysis software,such as Gephi and Arcgis.This paper chooses Shanghai port and Ningbo port as the cases to analyze and compare,the results as follows:1) The network centrality and betweenness centrality of Shanghai Port are highest in China shipping network in recent years,those indexes of Ningbo Port are ranked the second,only behind Shanghai in mainland China.2) The port coverage of two ports continue to enlarge.Shanghai port is larger than Ningbo ports in the port coverage of near-sea shipping line,but Ningbo port is nearly close to Shanghai port in the port coverage of ocean shipping line to Mediterranean Sea,north-western Europe,South Asia,North America,South America and Africa.3) The primate ports are almost same which have close connectivity with Ningbo port and Shanghai port in each navigation areas,but the main connection between Shanghai port and Eastern America such as New York port has been replaced by the connection between Ningbo port and Eastern America port since 2015.