基于创新合作联系的城市网络格局分析——以长江经济带为例

现有城市地理研究主要基于重力模型、客货流网络和连锁模型等方法刻画城市网络。这些方法或是仅仅基于假设而可能与事实不符,或是数据难以获取,或是过于强调城市间的等级关系。通过引入合作专利数据,探索更加真实、平等的城市网络衡量方法。基于对长江经济带城市间创新联系的实证分析,发现目前城市间的创新联系以公司间(尤其是总部-分支机构间)合作为主;城市间创新联系存在非对称性和空间差异;实际创新联系与重力模型估算的创新联系存在正相关关系,但是相关系数不高;城市间创新联系的规模-位序符合Zipf定律,且存在两个无标度区;城市间创新联系受空间距离、行政级别、产业结构相似程度等影响,反映了距离衰减定律、行政区经济和产业链分工等规律对城市创新联系的解释力。

ANALYSIS OF CITY NETWORK BASED ON INNOVATION COOPERATION: CASE STUDY OF YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC BELT

Existing urban geographical studies on city network are mainly based on gravity models,visualization of transportation flows and inter-locking network models.However,these methods only provide a biased picture of the whole city network since they are either based on hypotheses in theoretical or empirical models or just a depiction of one specific aspect of inter-city connections.Moreover,the studies on world city network led by the GaWC group emphasize more of the hierarchical structure of city network than inter-city cooperation.This paper aims to explore a more efficient method to measure the inter-city cooperation based on the joint intellectual property data.The analysis of inter-city innovation cooperation may also provide insights into a new aspect of inter-city connections,which is complementary with previous studies focusing on transport network or head-branch relations of firms.Using the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a case,in this paper we found that the inter-city innovation cooperation was mainly inter-firm or intra-firm links,the universityfirm cooperation only took a small proportion.We also revealed that innovation connections were dissymmetric between different levels of cities in terms of forms of cooperation and there were significant spatial differences among different regions.The innovation connection among cities followed the Zipf law and was positively yet not significantly related to that calculated based on the gravity model.The results from regression analysis suggest that inter-city innovation connections are influenced by the spatial distance,gap of administrative level and industrial similarity.