Manufacturing actor’s LCA |
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| Authors: | Birger Löfgren Anne-Marie Tillman Björn Rinde |
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| Institution: | 1. SKF Group Manufacturing Development, SKF Sverige AB, SE-415 50 Göteborg, Sweden;2. Environmental Systems Analysis, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;1. Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, Freiburg, Germany;2. Institut für Nachhaltige Technische Systeme INATECH, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany;1. Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;2. Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Haripur, Hattar Road Haripur, 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;3. Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4570, USA;1. Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet Building 424, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark;2. Chair of Sustainable Manufacturing and Life Cycle Engineering, Insitute of Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany;3. Sustainable Manufacturing & Life Cycle Engineering Research Group, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia;1. Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Department of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;2. Chair of Safety of Joined Components, Institute of Machine Tools and Factory Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Pascalstr. 8-9, 10587 Berlin, Germany;3. Group of Welding Technology, Department of Component Safety, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Modern industrial environmental management encompasses life-cycle thinking. This entails considering not only the emissions and resource use of the company’s production processes, but also the environmental consequences of all processes related to a product’s life cycle. However, no single actor can influence the whole life cycle of a product. To be effective, analysis methods intended to support improvement actions should therefore also consider the decision makers’ power to influence.Regarding the life cycle of a product, there are at least as many perspectives on life-cycle thinking as there are actors. This paper presents an approach with which manufacturing decision makers can sharpen the focus in life-cycle assessment (LCA) from a conventional ‘products or services’ emphasis to a company’s manufacturing processes. The method has been developed by combining knowledge gained from earlier LCA studies with new empirical findings from an LCA study of an SKF manufacturing line.We demonstrate how system boundaries and functional units in an LCA can be defined when adding the perspective of a manufacturing decision maker to the product life-cycle perspective. Such analysis helps manufacturing decision makers identify improvement potentials in their spheres of influence, by focusing on the environmental consequences of energy and material losses in manufacturing rather than merely accounting for the contributions of individual stages of the life cycle to the overall environmental impact. The method identifies and directly relates the environmental consequences of emissions or raw material inputs in the product life cycle to manufacturing processes. In doing so, the holistic systems perspective in LCA is somewhat diminished in favor of the relevance of results to manufacturing decision makers. |
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