三峡重庆库区消落区基本特征与生态功能分析

三峡工程建成后，随水库运行将在库区两岸形成垂直落差30 m的消落区，面积达300多km2。消落区的形成可能会带来环境污染加重、土壤侵蚀和水土流失加大、植物多样性及生态系统被破坏、诱发地质灾害、暴发流行性疾病等生态环境问题。通过各种途径对消落区进行合理分类对于保护和改善库区生态环境有重要的意义。以三峡库区消落区的重庆段为例，结合三峡库区消落区的人文环境、气候、坡度、水深、地貌等区域基本特征，以遥感数据为基础，以GIS技术为手段，分析消落区的基本特点、人类活动对消落区的影响、消落区的生态环境问题以及生态功能定位，更好地保护消落区的生态安全。为政府和相关管理部门提供了三峡库区消落区生态环境保护、土地资源合理开发利用的理论依据。

ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE OF THE WATER-LEVEL-FLUCTUATING ZONE IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

After the Three Gorges Project is completed,a 30-meter-high water-level-fluctuating zone (WLFZ)will appear along both banks.The area of the WLFZ is about 300 km~2.The WLFZ is facing with a series of environmental issues,such as the expanding of polluted zone ashore,the serious loss of water and erosion of soil,the decrease of biodiversity and the degradation of function of the ecosystem.Rational- ly dividing the land in WLFZ will not only alleviate the contradiction between man and land,but also is very useful to improve the condition of ecological environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir.This paper, according to the program of water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing,explores the char- acteristics of WLFZ according to human environment,climate conditions,water depth,landform,and the soil textures of the land based on GIS and RS,and analyzes anthropogenic influence on WLFZ and the eco- logical environmental problems of the zone.The result of the analysis on WLFZ in the Three Gorges Res- ervoir provides theoretic basis and scientific methods for the rational development,utilization and manage- ment of the zone for the local government and administration sections.