Toxicology of arsenic in fish and aquatic systems |
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| Authors: | Bibha Kumari Vikas Kumar Amit K Sinha Jawaid Ahsan A K Ghosh Hanping Wang Gudrun DeBoeck |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Environment and Water Management,A. N. College,Patna,India;2.Division of Aquaculture, College of Aquaculture, Food Science and Sustainable System,Kentucky State University,Frankfurt,USA;3.Aquaculture/Fisheries Center,University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff,Pine Bluff,USA;4.P. G. Department of Zoology,A. N. College,Patna,India;5.Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development,The Ohio State University, South Centers,Piketon,USA;6.Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology,University of Antwerp,Antwerp,Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Arsenic (As) is found in waters such as seawater, warm springs, groundwater, rivers, and lakes. In aquatic environments, As occurs as a mixture of arsenate and arsenite, with arsenate usually predominating. The unrestricted application of As pesticides, industrial activities, and mining operations has led to the global occurrence of soluble As above permissible levels of 0.010 mg/L. Continuous exposure of freshwater organisms including fish to low concentrations of As results in bioaccumulation, notably in liver and kidney. As a consequence As induces hyperglycemia, depletion of enzymatic activities, various acute and chronic toxicity, and immune system dysfunction. Here we review arsenic chemistry, the occurrence of arsenic in aquatic system, the transformation and metabolism of arsenic; arsenic bioaccumulation and bioconcentration; behavioral changes; and acute and other effects such as biochemical, immunotoxic, and cytogenotoxic effects on fish. |
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