基于Pathfinder和FDS的火场下人员疏散研究

为了探究高层建筑发生火灾时人员行为对疏散的影响,以上海静安区失火大楼为背景,运用试用版灾难逃生软件Pathfinder,对人员行为进行模拟.实验得到了人员在不同行为模式下逃生时所用的时间和楼梯间内拥挤情况,并探究家庭成员的行为对逃生的影响.利用Pathfinder进行SFPE模式和指导模式模拟以确定哪种模式中的行为属于安全的疏散行为.以《建筑防火规范》规定的允许疏散时间为标准计算出规定时间内的疏散的人数,从而确定处于危险状态下的人员数量和时间.建立了一个简化的高层建筑模型,采用FDS模拟软件对高层建筑火灾进行了火灾模拟,得出了烟气蔓延速度、温度、CO浓度以及能见度的变化规律,为高层建筑火灾烟气的有效控制、人员疏散、火灾扑救提供了一定的理论依据.

Study on evacuation simulation of fire ground based on pathfinder and FDS

In order to explore the influence of people’s acts on evacuation when a high-rise building is on fire,taking the burning building in Shanghai Jing’an District as the background,applying the trail version of disaster escape software—Pathfinder,the personnel behaviors were simulated.The personnel evacuation time and the crowded circumstance in the staircases in different behavior mode to escape from the fire were obtained,and the influence of family members’ behavior on their escaping was explored.The simulations on SFPE mode and instruction model were applied by pathfonder to determine the behavior in which model was the safety evacuation.With the evacuation time standard allowed by the construction of the code for fire protection provisions,the number of the evacuation in the stipulated time was calculated,so as to determine the personnel quantity and time in danger.Performing simulations by Pathfinder,the safe evacuation behavior were determined.And a simplified high-rise building model was established,adopting the FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)simulation software of high-rise building fire fire simulation.The smoke spread speed,temperature,concentration of carbon monoxide(CO) and the change rule of visibility for high-rise building were obtained,and it provide certain theoretical basis for effective control of smoke,person evacuation,and fire fighting.