长江经济带国家重点生态功能区生态补偿环境效率评价

环境效率是考量生态补偿政策实施效果的重要指标，对国家重点生态功能区生态补偿环境效率进行有效测度可以为完善我国生态补偿政策提供有益参考.采用三阶段DEA模型对长江经济带11个省市的国家重点生态功能区生态补偿环境效率水平、变化趋势及其差异性进行评价，通过线性数据转化方法对非期望环境负产出进行处理，并识别第三产业增加值占比等背景变量对投入产出效率的影响.结果表明:①长江经济带第三产业增加值占比对能源投入产出的影响显著（t值检验达到5%显著性水平），进出口总额、人均GDP、人口密度等因素对各项投入产出的影响均不显著.②长江经济带11个省市2012-2017年综合技术效率均值在剔除背景因素和随机干扰前后未发生变化，但纯技术效率均值由调整前的0.94升至调整后的0.96，规模效率均值由调整前的0.94降至0.92，表明纯技术效率对提高环境效率起主导作用.③上游4个省市（重庆市、四川省、云南省、贵州省）与中下游7个省市（江西省、湖南省、湖北省、安徽省、江苏省、浙江省、上海市）生态补偿环境效率均值差距较大，其中，云南省的环境效率最低.研究显示，长江经济带11个省市的国家重点生态功能区生态补偿环境效率从上游到下游整体呈上升趋势，应在提高综合技术效率的同时，更加注重基本公共服务能力和生态环境保护双重目标的协调. 

Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of Ecological Compensation for National Key Ecological Functional Zones in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Environmental efficiency is an important indicator for evaluating the effects of ecological compensation policy. Analysis of environmental efficiency of ecological compensation in the National Key Ecological Function Areas could provide a useful reference for improving ecological compensation policy. The three-stage DEA model was used to evaluate the environmental compensation level and its trend in the key ecological compensation zones in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The environmental negative output was properly processed by linear data transformation method to identify the impact of background variables on environmental efficiency. The results show that:(1) The influence of the proportion of added value of the tertiary industry is significant (t-test reaches 5% significance level), while the influence of the total import and export per capita GDP, population density and other factors are not significant. (2) The average comprehensive technical efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2012-2017 did not change before and after removing the background factors and random disturbances, but the average technical efficiency increased from 0.94 to 0.96, and the average scale efficiency decreased from 0.94 to 0.92, indicating that the technical efficiency played a leading role in improving environmental efficiency. (3) There was a big gap between the upper provinces(Chongqing City, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province and Guizhou Province) and other areas of environmental efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, while the efficiency of Yunnan Province was the lowest. This research shows that the environmental efficiency of the key ecological function zones in the Yangtze River Economic Zone has upward trend from upstream to downstream. While improving the comprehensive technical efficiency, the 11 provinces should pay more attention to strengthen the coordination of the dual objectives of the basic public service capacity and ecological environment protection.