Surface ozone at the Swiss Alpine site Arosa: the hemispheric background and the influence of large-scale anthropogenic emissions |
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| Institution: | 1. The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, People''s Republic of China;2. The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, People''s Republic of China;3. Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, People''s Republic of China;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;2. Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210093, China |
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| Abstract: | An innovative and effective method using isentropic trajectory analysis based on the residence time of air masses over the polluted region of Europe was successfully applied to categorize surface ozone amounts at Arosa, Switzerland during 1996–1997. The “European representative” background ozone seasonal cycle at Arosa is associated with long-range transport of North Atlantic air masses, and displays the spring maximum–summer minimum with an annual average of 35 ppb. The photochemical ozone production due to the intense large-scale anthropogenic emission over Europe is estimated as high as 20 ppb in summer, whereas it is insignificant in winter. European sources contribute an annual net ozone production of 9–12 ppb at Arosa. Comparison with the selected regional representative site in Western Europe shows similar results indicating that the categorized ozone data at Arosa by this technique could be regarded as a representative for northern hemispheric mid-latitudes. |
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