Density of foliage mass and area in the boreal forest cover in Finland,with applications to the estimation of monoterpene and isoprene emissions |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China;2. Jiangsu Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biomonitoring, Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, China;3. Changzhou Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin''an, 311300, Zhejiang, China;2. Department of Forest Science, PO Box 27, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland;3. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA;4. Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China;1. Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51006, Estonia;2. Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51003, Estonia;1. Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, Ministry of Education of China; School of Mines, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;2. Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia;3. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics & Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;1. School of Forest and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;2. Division of Forest Chemistry, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10070, Taiwan;3. Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nan-Tou 55750, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | The distribution of the density of foliage mass and area in forest canopies throughout Finland (60–70°N) were determined on the basis of the permanent sample plots used in the Finnish National Forest Inventory. These parameters were linked to the long-term monthly mean air temperatures for 1961–1990, which had been converted to hourly temperature and radiation values with the help of a weather simulator in order to calculate the spatial distribution of mean yearly emissions of monoterpene and isoprene over Finland. The mean total density of foliage mass in southern Finland (60°⩽latitude<65°N) was around 500 g m−2, equivalent to 4–5 m2 of total foliage area per m2 of land area. In northern Finland (65°⩽latitude<70°N), the maximum values remained below 200–300 g m−2, or 2–3 m2 m−2. The highest values were achieved in forests dominated by mature Norway spruces. The higher temperatures and longer growing season in southern Finland led to greater emissions than in the rest of the country. Total annual emissions of monoterpene were 1070 kg km−2 yr−1 in southern Finland and 460 kg km−2 yr−1 in the north, and those of isoprene from Norway spruce canopies 150 and 40 kg km−2 yr−1, respectively. |
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