Atmospheric Pb isotopic composition and trace metal concentration as revealed by epiphytic lichens:: an investigation related to two altitudinal sections in Eastern France |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Forestry & Natural Resources and Bindley Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;3. City of Elkhart, Public Works and Utilities Department, Elkhart, Indiana 46516, USA;4. Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;5. Jenkinson Environmental, LLC, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;1. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIFICEN, CONICET-UNCPBA), Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Argentina;2. CINEA Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Ambientales, FCH, UNCPBA, Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Argentina;3. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Argentina;4. Centro de Geociencias-UNAM, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico;1. Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO INRA, Bât. B2, Avenue des facultés, F-33405 Talence, France; INRA UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d’Arcachon, 33610, Cestas, France;2. Minnesota State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Mankato, MN 56001, USA;3. Université de Bordeaux, EA4592 Géoressources & Environnement, ENSEGID, 1 allée F. Daguin, F-33607 Pessac, France;4. O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy at Kharkiv, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, vul. Revolutsii 12, Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine;5. Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire d’Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France;6. CNRS, UMR 6134, SPE, F-20250 Corte, France;1. Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy;2. Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523 Bratislava, Slovakia;3. Centro di Servizi Metrologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;4. Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, Italy;5. GREENARCO, Spin-Off Company of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy;6. Reparto Carabinieri per la Biodiversità di Siena, Loc. Il Braccio 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;7. Department of Biology, University of Naples, Via Foria 223, 80139 Napoli, Italy;8. Department of Life Science, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy |
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| Abstract: | During Fall 1996, epiphytic lichens were collected along altitudinal sections in two areas of France (the Vosges mountains in the North-East, and the Alps, in Haute-Savoie) in order to verify any geographic distribution of atmospheric metals on a small scale. These lichens have various Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/207Pb=1.126–1.147) which are correlated with the altitude of sampling. Lichens sampled near valleys display isotopic ratios significantly less radiogenic than those sampled at several hundred to thousand meters of altitude. In the Vosges sections, Pb concentrations and isotopic compositions of lichens may be used to define three zones: (1) valley: Pb-rich and non-radiogenic ratios, (2) transition: low-Pb and intermediate isotopic compositions, (3) mountain: heterogeneous Pb concentrations but more radiogenic and homogeneous Pb isotopic composition. Other metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, As), when normalised one to another, are not fractionated between these zones and display homogeneous relative abundance along the altitudinal sections of both sites. Variation of 206Pb/207Pb ratios with altitude is interpreted in terms of mixing of at least two pollution sources: one being the petrol (leaded and/or unleaded) combustion, and the other being of industrial origin. The latter is characterised by a more radiogenic isotopic composition. The Pb isotopic composition of flue gas residues from different municipal solid waste combustors in the Rhine valley and in other areas of France would suggest that these plants might be an important source of industrial Pb in the atmosphere. If the average industrial Pb in France has a 206Pb/207Pb close to 1.15, between 60 and 80% of the total Pb in lichens from the Rhine valley would come from gasoline combustion, whereas 85–90% of the Pb would have an industrial origin in lichens from higher altitude in the Vosges mountains. Although lichens from the Alps were collected at higher altitude, the percentage of industrial Pb for these lichens would be slightly lower (65%). Major winds and convection winds in the different valleys must then play an important role in term of distribution of atmospheric Pb in function of altitude. |
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