Chemical characteristics of principal PM2.5 species in Chongju,South Korea |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science, Seowon University, Chongju 361-742, South Korea;2. Department of Environmental Industry, Chongju National College of Science and Technology, Chongju 361-719, South Korea;1. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;3. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;5. Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environment Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea;1. School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, United States;2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China;3. Fuzhou Environmental Monitoring Station, Fuzhou, 350007, China;1. Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea;2. Center for Gas Analysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea;1. Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea;3. School of Earth and Environmental Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. iGBu, 387 Magnolia Ave. #103-315, Corona, CA 92879, USA;2. Green City Technology Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea;3. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea;4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea;5. Division of Resource and Energy Assessment, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Fine particles were collected over four seasons from October 1995 to August 1996 to evaluate the chemical characteristics of principal PM2.5 components in Chongju, South Korea. The annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 (dp⩽2.5 μm), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) were 44.2, 8.22, 3.63, 2.84, 4.44 and 4.99 μg m−3, respectively. The sum of the species measured from this study accounted for 50–62% of the PM2.5 mass. Sulfate was the most abundant species and constituted 13–23% of the PM2.5 mass. The EC and OC accounted for 17–28% of PM2.5. The correlation between OC and EC was strong, and the annual mean ratio of OC/EC was 1.12, suggesting that OC measured in the Chongju area may be emitted directly in particulate form as a primary aerosol. |
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