16种农药对东亚小花蝽的生态风险评估

东亚小花蝽是我国北方林木、果园和农田的优势天敌昆虫。为评估常用化学农药对东亚小花蝽的毒害作用,首次测定了16种田间常用化学农药对东亚小花蝽的24 h急性接触毒性,并进行了生态风险评估。结果表明所试除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂中的吡蚜酮对东亚小花蝽较为安全,3倍田间最高推荐剂量下的校正死亡率低于33.33%。阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和啶虫脒对东亚小花蝽的半数致死浓度LC0分别为36.567、15.798、4.992和4.487 mg a.i.·L~(-1)5,农田内风险可接受。噻虫嗪、联苯菊酯和呋虫胺对东亚小花蝽的LC_(50)分别为0. 002、0. 080和0. 968 mg a. i.·L~(-1),农田内危害商值分别为3 976.36、69.03和16.93,在农田内对东亚小花蝽造成的风险均不可接受。本研究的结果有助于合理施用化学农药以保护和利用东亚小花蝽。

Ecological Risk Assessment of 16 Pesticides to Orius sauteri

Orius sauteri is the predominant natural enemy of trees, orchards and farmlands in northern China. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of pesticides on O. sauteri. The 16 common pesticides were tested for their 24 h acute toxicity towards O. sauteri under the laboratory condition and ecological risk assessment was carried out. The results showed that among the tested fungicides, herbicides and pesticides pymetrozine were harmless and the corrected mortalities at triple maximum recommended field concentrations were less than 33.33%. The concentrations for killing 50% tested O. sauteri (LC50) of avermectins, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid and acetamiprid were 36.567, 15.798, 4.992 and 4.487 mg a.i.?L-1, respectively. The risks of them in field were acceptable. The LC50s of thiamethoxam, bifenthrin and dinotefuran were 0.002, 0.08 and 0.968 mg a.i.?L-1, respectively; their Hazard Quotient (HQ) values in field were 3 976.36, 69.03 and 16.93, respectively. The risks of these three pesticides in field were unacceptable. The results of this study contribute to the rational application of chemical pesticides to protect and utilize O. sauteri .