Dispersal Constraints for Stream Invertebrates: Setting Realistic Timescales for Biodiversity Restoration |
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Authors: | Stephanie M Parkyn Brian J Smith |
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Institution: | (1) 7 Hampden Road, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS, 7004, Australia;(2) National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand |
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Abstract: | Biodiversity goals are becoming increasingly important in stream restoration. Typical models of stream restoration are based
on the assumption that if habitat is restored then species will return and ecological processes will re-establish. However,
a range of constraints at different scales can affect restoration success. Much of the research in stream restoration ecology
has focused on habitat constraints, namely the in-stream and riparian conditions required to restore biota. Dispersal constraints
are also integral to determining the timescales, trajectory and potential endpoints of a restored ecosystem. Dispersal is
both a means of organism recolonization of restored sites and a vital ecological process that maintains viable populations.
We review knowledge of dispersal pathways and explore the factors influencing stream invertebrate dispersal. From empirical
and modeling studies of restoration in warm-temperate zones of New Zealand, we make predictions about the timescales of stream
ecological restoration under differing levels of dispersal constraints. This process of constraints identification and timescale
prediction is proposed as a practical step for resource managers to prioritize and appropriately monitor restoration sites
and highlights that in some instances, natural recolonization and achievement of biodiversity goals may not occur. |
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