日本畜禽产业排泄物处理与循环利用的现状与技术

20世纪40年代后,日本畜禽产业结构向大型集约化方向发展,年畜禽粪便排放总量7600万t左右。同时,由于畜禽产业等中小规模企业排出含有高氮磷等污染物的废水,致使湖泊、海域的富营养化问题日益严重。日本《水质污浊防止法》规定:饲养规模在50m2以上的养猪场和200m2以上的养牛场的排泄物排放标准为:总氮<120mg/L,总磷<16mg/L。牲畜粪便处理技术的研究和开发,一方面着重于高效脱氮除磷技术,另一方面,从资源的有效利用角度考虑,建立各种排水与废弃物处置的自立型循环共生系统。本文介绍了当前日本畜产业排泄物的处理与循环利用的现状与技术,特别是复合回收型处理系统及远程自动控制等技术的应用,推进了生物量循环的循环型社会的形成,同时,实现环境改善与资源的再利用。

The current status and treatment techniques of livestock excrement in Japan

After the 1940s, the intensive trend appeared in the livestock industry in Japan, and the total discharge amount of excrement was kept about 76 million ton per year. The concentration of N and P were very high in waste and wastewater from the livestock industry, and it caused eutrophication in lakes and coastal waters. Therefore, the discharged concentrations of T N and T P were limited less than 120 mg/L and 16 mg/L by the Law of Preventing Water Pollution, respectively. Recently, the research and development of treatment technology of livestock excrement were focused on the enhanced methods for removal of N and P, moreover, it was considered to establish the recycled system characterized by integrated use and treatment of excrement in local areas for energy recycling.The recycled social with biomass recycling was promoted by applying the techniques such as the combined recovery system and remote control technology and so on. The improvement of the environment and reuse of valuable resources could be reached meanwhile.