Toxicity of metals to tadpoles of the common Sunda toad,Duttaphrynus melanostictus |
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| Authors: | M Shuhaimi-Othman Y Nadzifah NS Umirah AK Ahmad |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) , 43600 Bangi, Selangor , Malaysia shuhaimi@ukm.my;3. Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) , 43600 Bangi, Selangor , Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | Tadpoles of the common freshwater Sunda toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Amphibia, Bufonidae), were exposed for a 4-day period under laboratory conditions to copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) at various concentrations. Mortality was assessed and median times of death (LT50) and lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated. LT50 and LC50 increased with the decrease in mean exposure times and concentrations for all metals. LC50 (96?h) for Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Al, and Mn were 0.03, 0.3, 4.2, 1.5, 8.8, 0.4, 1.9, and 39?mg?L?1, respectively. Cu was the most toxic to D. melanostictus, followed by Cd, Fe, Al, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Mn (Cu?>?Cd?>?Fe?>?Al?>?Pb?>?Zn?>?Ni?>?Mn). Duttaphrynus melanostictus is similarly sensitive to these metals as other amphibian tadpoles. |
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| Keywords: | acute toxicity amphibian tadpoles frog mortality sensitivity soft water |
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