Trihalomethanes formation in water treatment plants and distribution lines: a monitoring and modeling scheme |
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| Authors: | SM Abdel Azeem N Burham MG Borik MF El Shahat |
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| Institution: | 1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt;2. Chemistry Department, Al-Quyiah College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Al-Quyiah, Saudi Arabiasma13@fayoum.edu.eg;4. Central Laboratory, Fayoum Drinking Water and Sanitation Company, Fayoum, Egypt;5. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | Monitoring and modeling of the concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) within four water treatment plants (WTPs) and distribution lines in Fayoum City, Egypt, were studied. Sampling sites for raw and treated waters were determined by global positioning system and the Arc geographic information system software was used for mapping. THMs were monitored using 25 sampling points located at the plant exit and through the distribution lines up to the plant extremity. Results indicated that the THMs concentration varied significantly but it was very rarely higher than the allowed maximum contaminant level of 100 μg L?1. However, at the dead zones in the distribution lines, the THMs increased by about 160% compared to in-plant level. Furthermore, the level of THMs in hot months was about 1.3 times higher than in cold ones. The influence of some independent variables such as temperature, pH, ammonia concentration, total organic carbon and color were investigated by Pearson model to find their correlation with the rate of THMs formation in WTPs. The resulted R values ranged from 0.81 to 0.98. Successful application of the model to a selected region on the distribution lines has resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.98. |
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| Keywords: | trihalomethanes water treatment plants distribution lines monitoring modeling |
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