Characterization and in vitro biological effects of ambient air PM10 from a rural,an industrial and an urban site in Sulaimani City,Iraq |
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| Authors: | Ali Talib Arif Christoph Maschowski Polla Khanaqa Patxi Garra Manuel Garcia-Käufer Nadja Wingert |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University (SPU), Sulaimani, Iraq;2. Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;3. Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences-Geochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;4. Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR), Sulaimani, Iraq;5. ali.arif@uniklinik-freiburg.de;7. Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences-Geochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;8. Laboratoire Gestion des Risques et Environnement (LGRE), Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse Cedex, France;9. Laboratoire Modélisation Intelligence des Procédés et des Systèmes (MIPS), Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse Cedex, France;10. Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
AbstractHigh urban atmospheric pollution is caused by economic and industrial growth, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess possible relationships between in vitro effects on human alveolar epithelial cells of source-related dust types collected at Sulaimani City (Iraq), and to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition. A passive sampler was used to collect dust particles at a rural, an industrial and an urban sampling site during July and August 2014. The samples were size-fractionated by a low-pressure impactor to obtain respirable dust with aerodynamic diameters of less than 10?µm. The dust was mainly composed of quartz and calcite. Chrysotile fibers (white asbestos) were also found at the urban site. Dust from the industrial and urban sites triggered cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the cells, whereas only minor effects were observed for the sample from the rural site. |
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| Keywords: | Ambient air PM10 A549 lung cells toxicity Sulaimani City Iraq |
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