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A roadmap for the conservation of freshwater mussels in Europe

Authors:	Ronaldo Sousa Tadeusz Zaj?c Dariusz Halabowski Olga V Aksenova Yulia V Bespalaya Francisco Carvalho Paulo Castro Karel Douda Janine P da Silva Noé Ferreira-Rodríguez Juergen Geist Clemens Gumpinger Anna M Labecka Jasna Lajtner Iga Lewin Manuel Lopes-Lima Alexandra Meira Keiko Nakamura Joana Garrido Nogueira Paz Ondina Ma?gorzata O?go Joaquim Reis Nicoletta Riccardi Spase Shumka Mikhail O Son Amílcar Teixeira Frankie Thielen Maria Urbańska Simone Varandas Niklas Wengström Katarzyna Zaj?c Alexandra Zieritz David C Aldridge

Institution:	1. CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal;2. Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland;3. Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland;4. Russian Museum of Biodiversity Hotspots, Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia;5. Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;6. Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain;7. Technical University of Munich, Aquatic Systems Biology, Freising, Germany;8. Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering – blattfisch e.U., Wels, Austria;9. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland;10. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;11. Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland;12. CIBIO/InBIO/BIOPOLIS – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal;13. Environmental Service Department, Sociedad Aragonesa de Gestión Agroambiental (SARGA), Zaragoza, Spain;14. Dpt. de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Fïsica, Facultade de Veterinaria, University of Santiago de Compostela, IBADER- Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural, Lugo, Spain;15. Department of Evolutionary Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland;16. MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;17. CNR-IRSA Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy;18. Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania;19. Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine;20. Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal;21. Fondation Hëllef fir d'Natur by natur & ëmwelt (NGO), Kierchestrooss, Luxembourg;22. Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland;23. Swedish Anglers Association, Gothenburg, Sweden;24. School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;25. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Abstract:	Europe has a long history of human pressure on freshwater ecosystems. As pressure continues to grow and new threats emerge, there is an urgent need for conservation of freshwater biodiversity and its ecosystem services. However, whilst some taxonomic groups, mainly vertebrates, have received a disproportionate amount of attention and funds, other groups remain largely off the public and scientific radar. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) are an alarming example of this conservation bias and here we point out six conceptual areas that need immediate and long-term attention: knowledge, threats, socioeconomics, conservation, governance and education. The proposed roadmap aims to advance research, policy and education by identifying the most pressing priorities for the short- and long-term conservation of freshwater mussels across Europe.

Keywords:	education ecosystem services freshwater ecosystems governance Unionida

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