泡沫灭火剂生物降解性能研究及发展趋势

阐述了泡沫灭火剂生物降解原理、一般过程及作用机制,分析了影响其生物降解性的主要因素,并对包括OECD 301系列标准在内的可用于泡沫灭火剂生物降解测试的方法和标准进行了综述,进而对目前国内外该领域的研究现状进行比较和分析。基于目前泡沫灭火剂生物降解性能的研究较为缺乏,不同种类泡沫灭火剂生物降解性差异较大的现状,提出了基于生物降解性能筛选的泡沫灭火剂优化体系的建立方法,并分析了其未来研究方向。

Research review of biodegradation feature of fire-extinguishing foam and its development trend

The paper is inclined to make a research review of biodegradation feature of fire-extinguishing foam and its development tendency.As a matter of fact,the use of fire-extinguishing foam may help improve the efficiency of fire-extinguishing operations.In doing so,it is necessary to consider how to carry out fireextinguishing action successfully.As public awareness has been growing up in recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the influence of the use of fire-extinguishing foams on the environment.It is necessary to evaluate the biodegradation of fire-extinguishing foams when they are released into the environment.Therefore,we think it of great need to briefly introduce new ideas,purposes and main ingredients,as well as the principles,general processes and mechanism of fire-extinguishing foam biodegradation,along with the key factors affecting biodegradation analyzed.What is more,we have made a brief review of the available standard methods for testing fire-extinguishing foams biodegradation,including OECD 301 series standards,as well as the studies and development in this field both at home and in the world.We have also overlooked and compared the experimental data in literatures domestically and internationally.Limited research data we have gained from abroad indicate that different kinds of fireextinguishing foams had different biodegradability.Categorically,such foams can be divided into synthetic-based fire-extinguishing foams,such as synthetic foam(S),aqueous film-forming foam(AFFF) and Class A foam(which were easily biodegraded);however,protein-based foams display poor biodegradability.The results mentioned in the literature we have obtained by different test methods,indicating that the biodegradation rates can be different when different test methods are used.Therefore,it is necessary to establish an accurate and reliable evaluation method to test the biodegradability of the foams and evaluate their effect on the environment.Therefore,it should be listed as a key index or factor when developing new foam products.And,finally,we have made a proposal at the end of the given paper to establish an optimized system for fire-extinguishing foam based on the biodegradability screening so as to promote more effective study on difference of biodegradability for different fire-extinguishing foams in this field in the future.