纳米金属氧化物对土壤酶活性的影响研究进展

纳米金属氧化物的大量生产和广泛应用使其不可避免地进入环境中,土壤是其释放到环境中主要的汇。纳米颗粒由于尺寸效应,具有许多独特的物理化学性质,其进入环境后潜在的生态和健康风险问题日益受到研究者的关注。土壤酶是土壤生物化学过程的主要参与者,也是生态系统物质循环和能量流动过程中最活跃的生物活性物质。土壤酶活性的变化能反映土壤中生化反应的情况,可作为评价土壤中纳米材料污染状况的生物学指标。本文较系统地回顾和总结了纳米金属氧化物对土壤酶活性的影响及可能的影响途径,探讨了纳米金属氧化物作用于土壤酶的主要影响途径,并展望了未来研究主要发展方向。

Review on Effects of Engineered Nano-metal Oxide Particles on Soil Enzyme Activities

Due to the mass production and widespread applications, metal oxide nanoparticles inevitably invaded the environment and the soil has been the main field. Furthermore, as a result of size effect, metal oxide nanoparti-cles have many outstanding physicochemical properties, meanwhile the uncertainty of their potential risks has wide-ly aroused public concerns. As the main participants in soil biochemical processes and the most active bioactivator in material cycling and energy flow, soil enzyme transformations could precisely reflect the status of soil biochemi-cal reaction, hence it could be served as a biological indicator to evaluate the nanomaterial pollution in soil. In this paper, the impacts of metal oxides nanoparticles on soil enzyme activities and the main influencing factors have been systematically discussed and summarized, and future development directions have been introduced.