生命价值的实证研究

笔者所研究的生命特指人的生命 ,所讨论的价值 ,是经济学意义上的价值。论文首先从理论与实践两个角度提出了测定生命价值的必要性 ,在深入探讨与本论文相关的人、生命、价值等概念后 ,对生命价值概念分 3个层次进行了界定。通过对价值理论的比较 ,选择马克思的劳动价值论及其最新研究成果与现代人力资本理论作为立论的基础 ,重点探讨了生命价值的决定理论 ,包括生命价值形成过程、人力资源和人力资本与生命价值的关系、生命价值的变化规律等。在借鉴国内外计算方法的基础上 ,分别就青少年、成年人、老年人设计了生命价值计算模型 ,并重点对成年人生命价值计算模型进行了检验与应用 ,对具有代表性的成年体力劳动者的生命价值进行了测算 ,结果比较合理 ,且与世界银行的估计值接近。论文在宏观方面为完善社会主义市场经济体制 ,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用 ,实现人的全面发展将起到积极作用 ,并为国家制定安全、环保、社保政策提供了科学依据 ;在微观方面为个人在各种事故中的赔偿和涉及人身的各种民事诉讼提供仲裁或判决依据。

Empirical Study of the Value of Human Life

The necessity for measuring the value of human life was described theoretically and practically. After discussing the relevant concepts of human, life, and the value in detail, the concept of the value of human life was defined in three layers. Through the comparison of the value theories, the labor value of Marxism and its newest research achievement and modern theory of human resource capital were taken as the basis to set forth the views. The determinant theory of the value of human life was emphatically discussed, including the formation of life value, the relationship of human resource and life value, and the changing regularity of life value, etc. Referring the calculation methods applied at home and abroad, calculation models for life value of youngsters, adults, and the olds were designed. The model for adults was especially verified and applied. After exemplified with representative adult labor forces, the calculated results appeared comparatively rational and approximated to that estimated by World Bank. From macro-point of view, it showed essential effect in perfecting the system of socialistic market economy, and could play important role in allocation of the resources, which in turn could realize the full development of human power, and could provide scientific criteria for safety, environment protection and social security policy-making. From micro-point of view, it could provide arbitration in civil suit or criteria for judgment in individual compensation in various accidents involving human life.