开放源对环境空气质量影响的评估技术与实例

开放源排放的颗粒物已经成为城市环境大气颗粒物的主要来源之一,介绍了其对环境空气质量影响的评估技术,采用开放源的动力学经验公式测算S市粉煤灰场、原煤堆场、土堆、沙石料堆4类开放源不同粒径颗粒物的起动风速及扩散距离,并利用箱模型(A值)和源解析(化学质量平衡法,CMB)模型测算开放源的区域年均起尘量及其对环境空气中颗粒物的贡献值.结果表明:开放源排放的颗粒物易升腾而且影响面积很大;S市区开放源类排放的小于100 μm的颗粒物约22.2×104 t/a,小于10 μm的颗粒物约15.8×104 t/a;开放源对环境空气中TSP的贡献值约370 μg/m3,质量浓度分担率达60%,对PM₁₀的贡献值约263 μg/m3,分担率达64%. 

Evaluation Method of Effect of Open Sources to Urban Ambient Air Quality and a Case Study

The particulate matter ejected from open sources has played an important role in urban atmospheric particulate matter(PM) pollution.The evaluation method relaed to the effects of PM from open sources to the urban ambient air quality is introduced.The PM jump-start wind speed,the diffusing distance,the amount of dust ejecting of the surface layer including the soil piles,coal piles,coal ash piles and sand piles in "S" city were measured and calculated by dynamics experience formulas.The total ejection from the open sources was calculated by Box model(A value).The contribution of the open sources to atmospheric PM was estimated by chemical mass balance(CMB) model.The result shows that in "S" city about 0.222 million tons per fear of PM <100 μm and 0.158 million tons per year of PM <10 μm are ejected from the open sources;about 60%(370 μg/m3) of TSP and 64%(263 μg/m3) of PM₁₀ derived from the open sources.